Henry J C, Kaeding C
Aurora HealthCare, Manitowoc South Clinic, 4100 Dewey Street, Manitowoc, WI 54220, USA.
Curr Womens Health Rep. 2001 Dec;1(3):241-4.
Female athletes who participate in jumping and cutting-type sports have a four- to six-fold higher incidence of serious knee injuries compared with male athletes in the same sports. Many of these injuries involve the anterior cruciate ligament, and occur by non-contact mechanisms. The susceptibility of the female athlete's knee to injury is likely multifactorial, although neuromuscular factors seem to have an important role. Recent studies have identified neuromuscular differences between male and female athletes. Specifically, female athletes have decreased stiffness and decreased potential for dynamic stabilization of the knee joint. Proprioception deficits involving the knee and side-to-side strength and coordination imbalances are more frequent in female athletes. Also, female athletes more commonly demonstrate imbalances in strength, timing of activation, and recruitment patterns of the lower extremity muscles. Based on these findings, neuromuscular training programs have been studied in an effort to correct lower extremity neuromuscular imbalances. Preliminary results from these programs have been encouraging in reducing peak landing imact forces in the knee, correcting strength and proprioception deficits, and ultimately in decreasing the incidence of serious knee injuries in female athletes.
与从事相同跳跃和变向类运动的男性运动员相比，女性运动员严重膝伤的发生率要高出四至六倍。其中许多损伤涉及前交叉韧带，且通过非接触机制发生。尽管神经肌肉因素似乎起着重要作用，但女性运动员膝盖易受伤可能是多因素导致的。最近的研究已经确定了男性和女性运动员之间的神经肌肉差异。具体而言，女性运动员的膝关节僵硬度降低，动态稳定膝关节的能力下降。女性运动员中涉及膝关节的本体感觉缺陷以及左右侧力量和协调性失衡更为常见。此外，女性运动员更常表现出下肢肌肉力量、激活时间和募集模式的失衡。基于这些发现，人们对神经肌肉训练计划进行了研究，以纠正下肢神经肌肉失衡。这些计划的初步结果令人鼓舞，在降低膝关节峰值落地冲击力、纠正力量和本体感觉缺陷以及最终降低女性运动员严重膝伤发生率方面都有成效。
