Hewett T E, Stroupe A L, Nance T A, Noyes F R
Cincinnati Sportsmedicine and Orthopaedic Center, Ohio, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 1996 Nov-Dec;24(6):765-73. doi: 10.1177/036354659602400611.
The purpose of this study was to test the effect of a jump-training program on landing mechanics and lower extremity strength in female athletes involved in jumping sports. These parameters were compared before and after training with those of male athletes. The program was designed to decrease landing forces by teaching neuromuscular control of the lower limb during landing and to increase vertical jump height. After training, peak landing forces from a volleyball block jump decreased 22%, and knee adduction and abduction moments (medially and laterally directed torques) decreased approximately 50%. Multiple regression analysis revealed that these moments were significant predictors of peak landing forces. Female athletes demonstrated lower landing forces than male athletes and lower adduction and abduction moments after training. External knee extension moments (hamstring muscle-dominant) of male athletes were threefold higher than those of female athletes. Hamstring-to-quadriceps muscle peak torque ratios increased 26% on the nondominant side and 13% on the dominant side, correcting side-to-side imbalances. Hamstring muscle power increased 44% with training on the dominant side and 21% on the nondominant. Peak torque ratios of male athletes were significantly greater than those of untrained female athletes, but similar to those of trained females. Mean vertical jump height increased approximately 10%. This training may have a significant effect on knee stabilization and prevention of serious knee injury among female athletes.
本研究的目的是测试一项跳跃训练计划对从事跳跃运动的女性运动员落地力学和下肢力量的影响。将这些参数在训练前后与男性运动员的参数进行比较。该计划旨在通过教授下肢在落地时的神经肌肉控制来降低落地力量，并增加垂直跳跃高度。训练后，排球拦网跳跃时的峰值落地力量下降了22% , 膝关节内收和外展力矩（向内和向外的扭矩）下降了约50%。多元回归分析表明，这些力矩是峰值落地力量的重要预测指标。女性运动员训练后的落地力量低于男性运动员，内收和外展力矩也较低。男性运动员的膝关节外侧伸展力矩（以腘绳肌为主）比女性运动员高两倍。非优势侧的腘绳肌与股四头肌峰值扭矩比增加了26%，优势侧增加了13%，纠正了两侧的不平衡。优势侧训练后腘绳肌力量增加了44%，非优势侧增加了21%。男性运动员的峰值扭矩比明显高于未训练的女性运动员，但与训练后的女性运动员相似。平均垂直跳跃高度增加了约10%。这项训练可能对女性运动员的膝关节稳定和预防严重膝关节损伤有显著效果。
