Shaywitz Bennett A, Shaywitz Sally E, Pugh Kenneth R, Mencl W Einar, Fulbright Robert K, Skudlarski Pawel, Constable R Todd, Marchione Karen E, Fletcher Jack M, Lyon G Reid, Gore John C
Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510-8064, USA.
Biol Psychiatry. 2002 Jul 15;52(2):101-10. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01365-3.
Converging evidence indicates a functional disruption in the neural systems for reading in adults with dyslexia. We examined brain activation patterns in dyslexic and nonimpaired children during pseudoword and real-word reading tasks that required phonologic analysis (i.e., tapped the problems experienced by dyslexic children in sounding out words).
We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study 144 right-handed children, 70 dyslexic readers, and 74 nonimpaired readers as they read pseudowords and real words.
Children with dyslexia demonstrated a disruption in neural systems for reading involving posterior brain regions, including parietotemporal sites and sites in the occipitotemporal area. Reading skill was positively correlated with the magnitude of activation in the left occipitotemporal region. Activation in the left and right inferior frontal gyri was greater in older compared with younger dyslexic children.
These findings provide neurobiological evidence of an underlying disruption in the neural systems for reading in children with dyslexia and indicate that it is evident at a young age. The locus of the disruption places childhood dyslexia within the same neurobiological framework as dyslexia, and acquired alexia, occurring in adults.
越来越多的证据表明，患有诵读困难症的成年人在阅读的神经系统中存在功能障碍。我们在需要语音分析的假词和实词阅读任务中（即探究诵读困难儿童在拼读单词时遇到的问题），检查了诵读困难儿童和无阅读障碍儿童的大脑激活模式。
我们使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究了144名右利手儿童，其中70名诵读困难读者和74名无阅读障碍读者在阅读假词和实词时的情况。
诵读困难儿童在涉及后脑区域（包括顶颞部位和枕颞区域的部位）的阅读神经系统中表现出功能障碍。阅读技能与左枕颞区域的激活程度呈正相关。与年龄较小的诵读困难儿童相比，年龄较大的诵读困难儿童左右额下回的激活程度更高。
这些发现为诵读困难儿童阅读神经系统存在潜在功能障碍提供了神经生物学证据，并表明这种障碍在幼年时期就很明显。这种功能障碍的位置将儿童期诵读困难症与成年期出现的诵读困难症和获得性失读症置于相同的神经生物学框架内。
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