Uetz George W, Roberts J Andrew
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0006, USA.
Brain Behav Evol. 2002;59(4):222-30. doi: 10.1159/000064909.
Spiders perceive the world using multiple sensory modes, including vibration, vision, and chemical senses, for prey detection and communication. These sensory modes are used in many communication contexts, either individually or in multimodal signaling. Selection for effective signaler-receiver communication and species discrimination is especially strong for these predatory and potentially cannibalistic arthropods, resulting in the evolution of considerable diversity in signaling behaviors. In this paper, we review sensory mechanisms involved in spider signaling and present an overview of recent work done on wolf spiders (Lycosidae) that use multimodal communication (simultaneous visual and vibratory signals) in sexual signals during courtship. The relative importance of visual and vibratory signaling modes, and the use of multiple modes varies among closely related species in the genus Schizocosa, providing a model system for investigating multisensory guidance of complex behavior. Here we examine previous and current research on responses of female spiders to components of male courtship behavior, using several experimental techniques including cue isolation (single sensory modes), video/audio digitization and playback, and cue-conflict (mixed conspecific/heterospecific components) to tease apart elements of multimodal signaling.
蜘蛛利用多种感官模式来感知世界，包括振动、视觉和化学感官，用于猎物探测和交流。这些感官模式在许多交流情境中被单独或用于多模态信号传递。对于这些掠食性且可能同类相食的节肢动物来说，选择有效的信号发送者 - 接收者交流方式和物种识别尤为重要，这导致了信号行为的显著多样性进化。在本文中，我们回顾了蜘蛛信号传递所涉及的感官机制，并概述了近期对狼蛛（狼蛛科）所做的研究工作，狼蛛在求偶过程中的性信号中使用多模态交流（同时使用视觉和振动信号）。视觉和振动信号模式的相对重要性以及多模式的使用在裂跗蛛属的近缘物种中有所不同，为研究复杂行为的多感官引导提供了一个模型系统。在这里，我们使用多种实验技术，包括线索分离（单一感官模式）、视频/音频数字化与回放以及线索冲突（同种/异种混合成分），来剖析多模态信号的各个要素，从而审视以往和当前关于雌性蜘蛛对雄性求偶行为组成部分反应的研究。
