Stephenne Xavier, Sokal Etienne M
Cliniques St Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, 10 av Hippocrate, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.
Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2002 Apr-Jun;65(2):95-8.
Hepatitis C is nowadays mainly acquired in childhood through vertical transmission, while transfusion or surgery related contamination is no more significant. The risk of maternal transmission is related to presence and amount of maternal HCV RNA at the time of delivery. Infection rate is higher in children form HIV positive mothers, and higher if they are themselves co-infected with HIV. Breast milk feeding is not a risk factor, and there is so far no argument to propose cesarean delivery to HCV positive mothers. Treatment with interferon alone is poorly efficient, although pediatric studies remain scarce. Combination treatment using Ribavirin plus interferon, or Ribavirin + pegylated interferon yield a higher success in eradicating viral infection in adults. These treatments can be considered for children in selected cases.
如今，丙型肝炎主要在儿童期通过垂直传播获得，而输血或手术相关的感染已不再显著。母婴传播的风险与分娩时母亲丙型肝炎病毒核糖核酸（HCV RNA）的存在及数量有关。来自艾滋病毒阳性母亲的儿童感染率更高，如果他们自身同时感染艾滋病毒，感染率则更高。母乳喂养不是一个风险因素，目前尚无理由建议丙型肝炎病毒阳性母亲进行剖宫产。单独使用干扰素治疗效果不佳，尽管儿科研究仍然较少。利巴韦林加干扰素或利巴韦林 + 聚乙二醇化干扰素的联合治疗在根除成人病毒感染方面成功率更高。在某些特定情况下，可以考虑对儿童进行这些治疗。
