Moore J A, Poore M H, Luginbuhl J M
North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7621, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2002 Jul;80(7):1752-8. doi: 10.2527/2002.8071752x.
Crossbred wether goats (n = 24; 50% Boer, 6 per diet) initially averaging 27.4+/-0.4 kg were fed either wheat middlings (wheat midds), soybean hulls (soyhulls), or corn gluten feed at 1% BW (as-fed) along with orchardgrass hay (10.7% CP) offered to ad-libitum consumption for 72 d followed by 5 d total fecal collection. The Control (hay) diet was supplemented with 5.7% soybean meal to bring total dietary protein to 12.5%, by-products were brought to a higher Ca:P ratio with limestone or dicalcium phosphate to make total dietary Ca:P 1.5:1, and soybean meal was added to soyhulls to bring them up to 17% CP (wheat midds = 17% and corn gluten feed = 21% CP). Total DMI (916 g/d+/-57 or 3.2%+/-0.2 BW) did not differ (P > 0.92) among treatments. Initial BW (P = 0.25), final BW (P = 0.48), and ADG (P = 0.56) did not differ for the four treatments. Carcass weight was greater (P = 0.05) for goats fed soyhulls (16.0 kg) or wheat midds (15.6 kg) as compared with goats fed the hay diet (14.5 kg), with carcass weight from goats fed corn gluten feed being intermediate (15.3 kg, SEM = 0.3 kg). Carcass grade did not differ (P = 0.80) and averaged 5.42+/-0.4. Dressing percentage tended (P = 0.12) to be lower for goats fed the hay diet (46.4%) compared with soyhull (48.3%), corn gluten feed (48.3%), or wheat midd (48.8%) diets (SEM = 0.7). Ruminal pH was highest (P < 0.01) for goats fed the hay diet (6.52) and lowest for goats fed wheat midds (6.23) with soyhull (6.41) and corn gluten feed diets (6.35) being intermediate (SEM = 0.05). Digestibility of DM (70.1+/-2.5%), OM (70.3+/-2.6%,), CP (75.5+/-2.0%), GE (68.5+/-2.7%), NDF (68.1+/-3.0%), ADF (65.4+/-3.4%), cellulose (70.1+/-2.9%), and lignin (31.1+/-8.2%) did not differ (P > 0.15). Total ruminal VFA did not differ (86.0+/-6.1 mM, P = 0.59), but acetate:propionate ratio was higher (P < 0.01) for hay (3.1) and soyhull diets (3.3) than for corn gluten feed (2.4) and wheat midd diets (2.4, SEM = 0.11). Ruminal ammonia (mg/100 mL) was lower (P < 0.01) for goats fed hay (15.4) and soyhull diets (11.6) than those fed corn gluten feed (25.2) and wheat midd diets (23.0, SEM = 1.35). Ruminal pH was lower for goats fed the byproducts, but remained above 6. Serum urea nitrogen (mg/100 mL) averaged 21.0+/-1.0 (P = 0.11) with soyhulls tending to be lowest (19.3) and corn gluten feed tending to be highest (22.8). Soyhulls, corn gluten feed, and wheat midds appear to be viable feed ingredients for meat goat diets.
杂交阉公羊（n = 24；50%波尔山羊，每种日粮6只）初始平均体重为27.4±0.4千克，分别饲喂小麦麸、大豆皮或玉米蛋白粉，饲喂量为体重的1%（风干基础），同时自由采食果园草干草（粗蛋白含量10.7%），持续72天，随后进行5天的粪便总收集。对照（干草）日粮添加5.7%豆粕以使日粮总蛋白达到12.5%，通过添加石灰石或磷酸氢钙使副产品的钙磷比更高，以使日粮总钙磷比达到1.5:1，并向大豆皮中添加豆粕使其粗蛋白含量达到17%（小麦麸粗蛋白含量为17%，玉米蛋白粉粗蛋白含量为21%）。各处理间的总干物质采食量（916克/天±57或3.2%±0.2体重）无差异（P > 0.92）。四种处理的初始体重（P = 0.25）、末体重（P = 0.48）和平均日增重（P = 0.56）无差异。与饲喂干草日粮的山羊（14.5千克）相比，饲喂大豆皮（16.0千克）或小麦麸（15.6千克）的山羊胴体重更大（P = 0.05），饲喂玉米蛋白粉的山羊胴体重居中（15.3千克，标准误 = 0.3千克）。胴体等级无差异（P = 0.80），平均为5.42±0.4。与饲喂大豆皮（48.3%）、玉米蛋白粉（48.3%）或小麦麸（48.8%）日粮的山羊相比，饲喂干草日粮的山羊屠宰率有降低趋势（P = 0.12）（标准误 = 0.7）。饲喂干草日粮的山羊瘤胃pH最高（P < 0.01）（6.52），饲喂小麦麸的山羊瘤胃pH最低（6.23），饲喂大豆皮（6.41）和玉米蛋白粉日粮的山羊瘤胃pH居中（6.35）（标准误 = 0.05）。干物质消化率（70.1±2.5%）、有机物消化率（70.3±2.6%）、粗蛋白消化率（75.5±2.0%）、总能消化率（68.5±2.7%）、中性洗涤纤维消化率（68.1±3.0%）、酸性洗涤纤维消化率（65.4±3.4%）、纤维素消化率（70.1±2.9%）和木质素消化率（31.1±8.2%）无差异（P > 0.15）。瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸总量无差异（86.0±6.1毫摩尔，P = 0.59），但干草（3.1）和大豆皮日粮（3.3）的乙酸:丙酸比值高于玉米蛋白粉（2.4）和小麦麸日粮（2.4，标准误 = 0.11）。饲喂干草（15.4）和大豆皮日粮的山羊瘤胃氨氮（毫克/100毫升）低于饲喂玉米蛋白粉（25.2）和小麦麸日粮的山羊（23.0，标准误 = 1.35）（P < 0.01）。饲喂副产品的山羊瘤胃pH较低，但仍高于6。血清尿素氮（毫克/100毫升）平均为21.0±1.0（P = 0.11），大豆皮组最低（19.3），玉米蛋白粉组最高（22.8）。大豆皮、玉米蛋白粉和小麦麸似乎是肉用山羊日粮中可行的饲料原料。
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