Kremer Georg
Zentrum für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapeutische Medizin (ZPPM), Abt. f. Abhängigkeitserkrankungen, Remterweg 69/71, 33617 Bielefeld.
Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich. 2002 Jun;96(5):276-80.
Several studies have shown that brief interventions by general practitioners are a powerful tool for initiating changes in patients' substance consumption patterns and related behaviour. Based on a general-practice case study (of a patient with harmful patterns of alcohol consumption) the principles and most important strategies of brief motivational interviewing are presented. These are: the clarifying of the GP's own position, the giving and receiving of feedback, the highlighting of the patients responsibility, the estimating of the limits of counselling and the degree of motivation to change behaviour shown by the patient, the specifying of the goals of change and the creation of agreement on concrete strategies, the identifying of barriers to change and the developing of coping skills, thereby enhancing self-efficacy. The article relates these strategies to the stages of change.
多项研究表明，全科医生进行的简短干预是促使患者改变物质消费模式及相关行为的有力工具。基于一个全科医疗案例研究（一名有有害饮酒模式的患者），介绍了简短动机性访谈的原则和最重要策略。这些策略包括：明确全科医生自身的立场、给予和接受反馈、强调患者的责任、评估咨询的限度以及患者表现出的改变行为的动机程度、明确改变目标并就具体策略达成一致、识别改变的障碍并培养应对技能，从而增强自我效能感。本文将这些策略与改变阶段联系起来。
