Snowdon C T
Brain Behav Evol. 1979;16(5-6):409-29. doi: 10.1159/000121879.
Three questions relate to how nonhuman species respond to speech and species-specific sounds: (1) Do nonhuman species perceive human speech in a human-like fashion? (2) How do nonhuman species perceive their own vocalizatios? and (3) How does human perception of animal sounds differ from the animals' perception of those sounds? Four methodologies are available for studying an animal's perception of sounds: (1) discriminative conditioning; (2) habituation-dishabituation; (3) playbacks in captivity; and (4) playbacks in situ. Each of these techniques has a different degree of ecological validity and has different intrinsic biases toward the conclusions one might draw. Experiments using these methodologies for each of the three questions are reviewed and the methodological problems of each are discussed. A two-stage model of perceiving species-specific sounds is presented which accounts for both categorical perception of sounds and within category discrimination of sounds.
（1）非人类物种是否以类似人类的方式感知人类言语？（2）非人类物种如何感知它们自己的发声？以及（3）人类对动物声音的感知与动物对这些声音的感知有何不同？有四种方法可用于研究动物对声音的感知：（1）辨别性条件作用；（2）习惯化-去习惯化；（3）圈养环境中的回放；以及（4）实地回放。这些技术中的每一种都具有不同程度的生态效度，并且对可能得出的结论有不同的内在偏差。本文回顾了使用这些方法针对这三个问题中的每一个所进行的实验，并讨论了每种方法的方法学问题。本文提出了一个感知特定物种声音的两阶段模型，该模型解释了声音的分类感知和类别内的声音辨别。
