Pneumographic findings in the infantile autism syndrome. A correlation with temporal lobe disease.

Pneumoencephalographic findings are described in a group of 18 children who presented to us with a history of retarded language development and autistic behaviour disturbances. None had specific diagnosable neurological diseases nor gross motor disorders. PEG findings included, most prominently, pathological enlargement of the left temporal horn in 15 cases; some cases showed enlargement of both temporal horns or mild variable enlargement of the lateral ventricles, especially the left. Comparisons between infantile autism and recognized patterns of temporal lobe disease (especially Korsakoff syndrome and Kluver-Bucy syndrome) are drawn. We have suggested that medial temporal lobe dysfunction may be a major factor in the pathogenesis of the syndrome of infantile autism.