Stolzenburg Jens-Uwe, Schwalenberg Thilo, Do Minh, Dorschner Wolfgang, Salomon Franz-Viktor, Jurina Konrad, Neuhaus Jochen
Department of Urology, University of Leipzig, Stephanstr. 11, Germany.
Anat Histol Embryol. 2002 Aug;31(4):198-205. doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0264.2002.00395.x.
Because of their superficial anatomical resemblance, the male dog seems to be suitable for studying the physiologic and pathological alterations of the bladder neck of human males. The present study was carried out to compare and contrast the muscular anatomy of the male dog lower urinary tract with that of humans. The complete lower urinary tract, including the surrounding organs (bulb of penis, prostate, rectum and musculature of the pelvic floor) were removed from adult and newborn male dogs and histologically processed using serial section technique. Based on our own histological investigations, three-dimensional (3D)-models of the anatomy of the lower urinary tract were constructed to depict the corresponding structures and the differences between the species. The results of this study confirm that the lower urinary tract of the male dog bears some anatomical resemblance (musculus detrusor vesicae, prostate, prostatic and membranous urethra) to man. As with human males, the two parts of the musculus sphincter urethrae (glaber and transversostriatus) are evident in the canine bladder neck. Nevertheless, considerable differences in formation of individual muscles should be noted. In male dogs, no separate anatomic entity can be identified as vesical or internal sphincter. The individual course of the ventral and lateral longitudinal musculature and of the circularly arranged smooth musculature of the urethra is different to that of humans. Differences in the anatomy of individual muscles of the bladder neck in the male dog and man suggest that physiological interpretations of urethral functions obtained in one species cannot be attributed without qualification to the other.
由于雄性犬在表面解剖结构上与人类相似，它似乎适合用于研究人类男性膀胱颈的生理和病理改变。本研究旨在比较和对比雄性犬下尿路与人类的肌肉解剖结构。从成年和新生雄性犬身上切除完整的下尿路，包括周围器官（阴茎球、前列腺、直肠和盆底肌肉组织），并采用连续切片技术进行组织学处理。基于我们自己的组织学研究，构建了下尿路解剖结构的三维（3D）模型，以描绘相应结构以及不同物种之间的差异。本研究结果证实，雄性犬的下尿路在某些解剖结构上（膀胱逼尿肌、前列腺、前列腺部和膜部尿道）与人类相似。与人类男性一样，尿道括约肌的两个部分（光滑部和横纹部）在犬的膀胱颈处也很明显。然而，应注意到个体肌肉形成方面存在相当大的差异。在雄性犬中，无法识别出作为膀胱或内括约肌的单独解剖实体。尿道腹侧和外侧纵向肌肉组织以及环形排列的尿道平滑肌的个体走行与人类不同。雄性犬和人类膀胱颈个体肌肉解剖结构的差异表明，在一个物种中获得的尿道功能的生理学解释不能不加限定地应用于另一个物种。
