Zimmerman Richard Kent, Mieczkowski Tammy A, Mainzer Hugh M, Medsger Anne R, Nowalk Mary Patricia
Department of Family Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
Prev Med. 2002 Aug;35(2):135-42. doi: 10.1006/pmed.2002.1068.
Although varicella vaccine was licensed in 1995, immunization rates are only moderate. This study identifies factors associated with physician self-reported likelihood of recommending varicella vaccination to patients.
Two hundred eighty-one Minnesota and Pennsylvania primary care physicians who participated in surveys on barriers to vaccination in 1990-1991 and 1993 were surveyed in 1999, assessing physicians' beliefs about varicella disease and vaccine and their self-reported likelihood of recommending varicella vaccine to three age groups of children.
Most (79, 80, and 83%) were likely to recommend varicella vaccine for 12- to 18-month old, 4- to 6-year-old, and 11- to 12-year old children, respectively, and most (78%) agreed with national recommendations to vaccinate. If physicians believed that the vaccine would fail, they were less likely to recommend varicella vaccination for 12- to 18-month-old (70% vs 85%, P = 0.001) and 4- to 6-year-old (83% vs 85%, P = 0.001) children, than if they believed in its efficacy. Pediatricians were more likely to recommend varicella vaccine than were family physicians and general practitioners (P < 0.01).
Physicians, especially pediatricians, report that they recommend varicella vaccination when they agree with national recommendations, believe in the efficacy of the vaccine, and perceive that parents want the vaccine for their children.
尽管水痘疫苗于1995年获得许可，但免疫接种率仅处于中等水平。本研究确定了与医生自我报告的向患者推荐水痘疫苗可能性相关的因素。
1999年对281名明尼苏达州和宾夕法尼亚州的初级保健医生进行了调查，这些医生曾参与1990 - 1991年和1993年关于疫苗接种障碍的调查，评估医生对水痘疾病和疫苗的看法以及他们自我报告的向三个年龄组儿童推荐水痘疫苗的可能性。
大多数（分别为79%、80%和83%）医生可能会为12至18个月大、4至6岁以及11至12岁的儿童推荐水痘疫苗，并且大多数（78%）医生同意国家的接种建议。如果医生认为疫苗会失效，那么他们为12至18个月大（70%对85%，P = 0.001）和4至6岁（83%对85%，P = 0.001）儿童推荐水痘疫苗的可能性要低于他们相信疫苗有效的情况。儿科医生比家庭医生和全科医生更有可能推荐水痘疫苗（P < 0.01）。
医生，尤其是儿科医生报告称，当他们同意国家建议、相信疫苗的有效性并且认为家长希望为孩子接种疫苗时，他们会推荐水痘疫苗。
