Gammons Matthew, Salam Gohar
Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 2002 Aug 15;66(4):643-5.
Many methods of tick removal that have been reported in the literature have proved to be unsatisfactory in controlled studies. Some methods may even cause harm by inducing the tick to salivate and regurgitate into the host. Ticks are best removed as soon as possible, because the risk of disease transmission increases significantly after 24 hours of attachment. The use of a blunt, medium-tipped, angled forceps offers the best results. Following tick removal, the bite area should be inspected carefully for any retained mouthparts, which should be excised. The area is then cleaned with antiseptic solution, and the patient is instructed to monitor for signs of local or systemic illness. Routine antibiotic prophylaxis following tick removal generally is not indicated but may be considered in pregnant patients or in areas endemic to tick-borne disease.
文献中报道的许多蜱虫清除方法在对照研究中已被证明并不令人满意。有些方法甚至可能因促使蜱虫向宿主唾液分泌和反刍而造成伤害。蜱虫最好尽快清除，因为附着24小时后疾病传播风险会显著增加。使用钝头、中等尖端、带角度的镊子效果最佳。蜱虫清除后，应仔细检查叮咬部位是否有残留口器，如有应将其切除。然后用消毒液清洁该区域，并指示患者监测局部或全身疾病的迹象。蜱虫清除后一般不建议进行常规抗生素预防，但对于孕妇或蜱传疾病流行地区的患者可考虑使用。
