遗传和环境对智力发育的影响。

Genetic and environmental influences on the development of intelligence.

作者信息

Bartels M, Rietveld M J H, Van Baal G C M, Boomsma D I

机构信息

Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

出版信息

Behav Genet. 2002 Jul;32(4):237-49. doi: 10.1023/a:1019772628912.

DOI:10.1023/a:1019772628912

PMID:12211623

Abstract

Measures of intelligence were collected in 209 twin pairs at 5, 7, 10, and 12 years of age, as part of a longitudinal project on intelligence, brain function, and behavioral problems. Intelligence was measured at 5, 7, and 10 years of age with the RAKIT, a well-known Dutch intelligence test, consisting of 6 subscales. At 12 years of age, the complete WISC-R was administered (12 subscales). Both intelligence tests resulted in a measure of full-scale IQ (FSIQ). Participation rate is around 93% at age 12. Correlation coefficients over time are high: (r(5-7) = .65; r(5-10) = .65; r(5-12) = .64; r(7-10) = .72; r(7-12) = .69 and r(10-12) = .78). Genetic analyses show significant heritabilities at all ages, with the expected increase of genetic influences and decrease of shared environmental influences over the years. Genetic influences seem to be the main driving force behind continuity in general cognitive ability, represented by a common factor influencing FSIQ at all ages. Shared environmental influences are responsible for stability as well as change in the development of cognitive abilities, represented by a common factor influencing FSIQ at all ages and age-specific influences, respectively.

摘要

作为一项关于智力、脑功能和行为问题的纵向研究项目的一部分，在209对双胞胎5岁、7岁、10岁和12岁时收集了智力测量数据。在5岁、7岁和10岁时，使用著名的荷兰智力测试RAKIT进行智力测量，该测试由6个分量表组成。在12岁时，进行完整的韦氏儿童智力量表修订版（WISC-R）测试（12个分量表）。两项智力测试均得出了全量表智商（FSIQ）的测量结果。12岁时的参与率约为93%。不同时间点的相关系数很高：（r(5 - 7) = 0.65；r(5 - 10) = 0.65；r(5 - 12) = 0.64；r(7 - 10) = 0.72；r(7 - 12) = 0.69；r(10 - 12) = 0.78）。遗传分析表明，在所有年龄段遗传力都很显著，且随着时间推移，遗传影响预期会增加，共享环境影响会减少。遗传影响似乎是一般认知能力连续性背后的主要驱动力，由一个在所有年龄段影响FSIQ的共同因素代表。共享环境影响分别由一个在所有年龄段影响FSIQ的共同因素和特定年龄影响代表，负责认知能力发展中的稳定性和变化。