不受自旋交换弛豫影响的高灵敏度原子磁力仪。

High-sensitivity atomic magnetometer unaffected by spin-exchange relaxation.

作者信息

Allred J C, Lyman R N, Kornack T W, Romalis M V

机构信息

Department of Physics, Univerisity of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.

出版信息

Phys Rev Lett. 2002 Sep 23;89(13):130801. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.130801. Epub 2002 Sep 9.

Abstract

Alkali-metal magnetometers compete with SQUID detectors as the most sensitive magnetic field sensors. Their sensitivity is limited by relaxation due to spin-exchange collisions. We demonstrate a K magnetometer in which spin-exchange relaxation is completely eliminated by operating at high K density and low magnetic field. Direct measurements of the signal-to-noise ratio give a magnetometer sensitivity of 10 fT Hz(-1/2), limited by magnetic noise produced by Johnson currents in the magnetic shields. We extend a previous theoretical analysis of spin exchange in low magnetic fields to arbitrary spin polarizations and estimate the shot-noise limit of the magnetometer to be 2x10(-18) T Hz(-1/2).

摘要

碱金属磁力计作为最灵敏的磁场传感器,可与超导量子干涉器件(SQUID)探测器相媲美。其灵敏度受自旋交换碰撞导致的弛豫限制。我们展示了一种钾磁力计,通过在高钾密度和低磁场下运行,自旋交换弛豫被完全消除。对信噪比的直接测量得出磁力计灵敏度为10 fT Hz⁻¹/²,受磁屏蔽中约翰逊电流产生的磁噪声限制。我们将先前对低磁场中自旋交换的理论分析扩展到任意自旋极化,并估计该磁力计的散粒噪声极限为2×10⁻¹⁸ T Hz⁻¹/²。

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