Schijven J F, Hassanizadeh S M
Microbiological Laboratory for Health Protection, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Water Sci Technol. 2002;46(3):123-9.
Virus removal from groundwater by soil passage often appears to be much higher during the first few metres due to the presence of more favorable sites for attachment than thereafter. A model is presented which interprets virus removal as a function of collision efficiencies alpha(beta) and alpha(lambda), inactivation rate coefficient mu(t) and rate parameter gamma. Initial high removal is determined by ab, which decreases exponentially at a rate g to a constant base removal rate that is determined by alpha(lambda) and mu(t). A hypothetical worst case was simulated to calculate the travel distance and time required for 9 log10 protection against virus contamination of groundwater wells in anoxic sandy aquifers. Unfavorable conditions for attachment were assumed. Virus was constantly leaking from a sewage pipe lying at the groundwater table. Mixing reduced virus concentration by 3.1 to 4.0 log10. For an additional 5.0 to 5.9 l log10 protection against virus contamination by attachment and inactivation, residence times of about three to seven times longer than the current guideline of 60 days are needed, depending on abstraction rates, aquifer thickness and grain size of the sand.
由于最初几米内存在比后续更有利于病毒附着的位点，通过土壤层从地下水中去除病毒的效率通常在最初几米内要高得多。本文提出了一个模型，该模型将病毒去除解释为碰撞效率α(β)和α(λ)、失活速率系数μ(t)以及速率参数γ的函数。最初的高去除率由α(b)决定，α(b)以γ的速率呈指数下降至由α(λ)和μ(t)决定的恒定基础去除率。模拟了一种假设的最坏情况，以计算在缺氧砂质含水层中为防止地下水井受到病毒污染达到9个对数10级防护所需的传播距离和时间。假设了不利于附着的条件。病毒不断从位于地下水位的污水管泄漏。混合作用使病毒浓度降低了3.1至4.0个对数10级。为了通过附着和失活作用额外获得5.0至5.9个对数10级的病毒污染防护，根据抽水速率、含水层厚度和砂粒大小，所需的停留时间比目前60天的指导标准长约三至七倍。
