Trombka Jacob I, Schweitzer Jeffrey, Selavka Carl, Dale Mark, Gahn Norman, Floyd Samuel, Marie James, Hobson Maritza, Zeosky Jerry, Martin Ken, McClannahan Timothy, Solomon Pamela, Gottschang Elyse
Laboratory for Extraterrestrial Physics, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Building 2, Room S105, Code 691, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.
Forensic Sci Int. 2002 Sep 10;129(1):1-9. doi: 10.1016/s0379-0738(02)00079-8.
The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASAs) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) have teamed up to explore the use of NASA developed technologies to help criminal justice agencies and professionals solve crimes. The objective of the program is to produce instruments and communication networks that have application within both NASA's space program and NIJ programs with state and local forensic laboratories. A working group of NASA scientists and law enforcement professionals has been established to develop and implement a feasibility demonstration program. Specifically, the group has focused its efforts on identifying gunpowder and primer residue, blood, and semen at crime scenes. Non-destructive elemental composition identification methods are carried out using portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) systems. These systems are similar to those being developed for planetary exploration programs. A breadboard model of a portable XRF system has been constructed for these tests using room temperature silicon and cadmium-zinc telluride (CZT) detectors. Preliminary tests have been completed with gunshot residue (GSR), blood-spatter and semen samples. Many of the element composition lines have been identified. Studies to determine the minimum detectable limits needed for the analyses of GSR, blood and semen in the crime scene environment have been initiated and preliminary results obtained. Furthermore, a database made up of the inorganic composition of GSR is being developed. Using data obtained from the open literature of the elemental composition of barium (Ba) and antimony (Sb) in handswipes of GSR, we believe that there may be a unique GSR signature based on the Sb to Ba ratio.
美国国家司法研究所（NIJ）与美国国家航空航天局（NASA）的戈达德太空飞行中心（GSFC）合作，探索利用NASA开发的技术协助刑事司法机构和专业人员破案。该项目的目标是研发出在NASA太空计划以及NIJ与州和地方法医实验室的项目中均有应用的仪器和通信网络。已成立了一个由NASA科学家和执法专业人员组成的工作组，以制定和实施一项可行性示范项目。具体而言，该小组致力于在犯罪现场识别火药和底漆残留物、血液及精液。使用便携式X射线荧光（XRF）系统进行无损元素成分识别方法。这些系统与为行星探索计划所开发的系统类似。已使用室温硅和碲化镉锌（CZT）探测器构建了一个便携式XRF系统的实验模型用于这些测试。已完成对枪伤残留物（GSR）、血迹和精液样本的初步测试。已识别出许多元素成分谱线。已启动确定在犯罪现场环境中分析GSR、血液和精液所需的最低检测限的研究并取得了初步结果。此外，正在建立一个由GSR无机成分组成的数据库。利用从公开文献中获取的GSR手部擦拭物中钡（Ba）和锑（Sb）元素成分的数据，我们认为基于Sb与Ba的比例可能存在独特的GSR特征。
