Miller M
Neuroendocrinology. 1975;19(3):241-51. doi: 10.1159/000122444.
The diuretic action of two new narcotic antagonists, oxilorphan and butorphanol, was studied in rats heterozygous for hereditary hypothalmic diabetes insipidus. Both drugs caused a prompt increase in urine volume and a decrease in urine osmolality with an associated decrease in urinary ADH excretion. The effects appeared to be dose related and of short duration. Tolerance to butorphanol administration was evident on repeated daily injections. The diuretic effect was not associated with alternation in creatinine excretion, but butorphanol resulted in decreased osmolal, sodium and potassium excretion. Butorphanol prevented the expected rise in urine osmolality and ADH excretion due to 31 h of dehydration. Oxilorphan did not interfere with the ability of administered ADH to cause an antidiuresis. The data indicate that these narcotic antagonists cause a diuresis by inhibiting ADH release from the neurohypophysis.
在遗传性下丘脑性尿崩症杂合子大鼠中研究了两种新型麻醉性拮抗剂奥昔罗芬和布托啡诺的利尿作用。两种药物均使尿量迅速增加，尿渗透压降低，同时尿抗利尿激素排泄减少。这些作用似乎与剂量相关且持续时间较短。每日重复注射时，对布托啡诺给药的耐受性明显。利尿作用与肌酐排泄的改变无关，但布托啡诺导致渗透压、钠和钾排泄减少。布托啡诺可防止因31小时脱水导致的尿渗透压和抗利尿激素排泄预期升高。奥昔罗芬不干扰给予的抗利尿激素引起抗利尿的能力。数据表明，这些麻醉性拮抗剂通过抑制神经垂体释放抗利尿激素而引起利尿。
