Emergency management of cardiac injuries.

Cardiac trauma is not usually treatable in the field. EMS providers must recognize the possibility of cardiac trauma rapidly and evacuate the patient to an appropriate facility. Most therapy for cardiac trauma requires an operating room, preferably with cardiopulmonary bypass capability. Basic patient care should occur en route to the treatment facility. Ensure that the airway is intact, control respirations and bleeding, and restore circulatory volume to a pressure of about 100 systolic. Advanced providers should re-expand any associated tension pneumothorax and ensure the chest wall is stable. Consider early intubation, since operative intervention is likely.