Appleton J
Gend Dev. 2000 Jul;8(2):19-27. doi: 10.1080/741923627.
In 1992, the author led a participatory rural appraisal (PRA) exercise for a community fisheries project in Kagera region, on the western side of Lake Victoria, Tanzania. The PRA team visited four settlements: the prime harbor settlement on Kerebe Island; N'toro beach, in Bukoba district, near the Ugandan border; Chamkwikwi landing site in Muleba district; and Buzirayombo bay settlement in Biharamulo district in the south. This article draws on that research, to give an outsider's analysis of the ways in which AIDS was changing livelihoods in poor fishing and farming communities. On the lakeshore and islands, adults were falling ill and dying. This loss of men and women in their prime was causing major economic and social stresses for the single parents, grandparents, and orphans whom the authors met. They showed resilience and adaptability in the face of this threat to their already precarious livelihoods. The article ends by suggesting ways in which development policy makers and practitioners should support livelihoods in the era of AIDS.
1992年，作者为坦桑尼亚维多利亚湖西侧卡盖拉地区的一个社区渔业项目开展了一次参与式农村评估（PRA）活动。PRA团队走访了四个定居点：凯雷贝岛上的主要港口定居点；靠近乌干达边境的布科巴区的恩托罗海滩；穆莱巴区的昌克维奎登陆点；以及南部比哈拉穆洛区的布齐拉扬博湾定居点。本文借鉴了该项研究，以外人视角分析艾滋病如何改变贫困渔业和农业社区的生计。在湖岸和岛屿上，成年人正患病并死亡。作者遇到的单亲家庭、祖父母和孤儿，正值壮年的男女的离世给他们带来了巨大的经济和社会压力。面对这种对其本就不稳定的生计的威胁，他们展现出了恢复力和适应能力。文章最后提出了发展政策制定者和从业者在艾滋病时代应如何支持生计的建议。
