Oppenheim B E, Griem M L, Meier P
Radiology. 1975 Mar;114(3):529-34. doi: 10.1148/114.3.529.
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an increased incidence of morbidity and mortality among children exposed prenatally or preconceptually to diagnostic x-rays, as compared to nonirradiated controls. In those studies radiation exposure occurred on a selective basis, as the examination was always medically indicated. Comparisons of those studies and comparable ones in which radiation exposure occurred on a nonselective basis (from routine pelvimetry examinations or atomic bomb radiation) indicate that the latter studies do not confirm the former and a significant discrepancy is present in each instance. Thus, some doubt is cast on the validity of the former studies.
流行病学研究表明，与未受辐射的对照组相比，在出生前或受孕前接受诊断性X射线照射的儿童中，发病率和死亡率有所增加。在这些研究中，辐射暴露是基于选择的，因为检查总是出于医学需要。将这些研究与那些非选择性辐射暴露（来自常规骨盆测量检查或原子弹辐射）的可比研究进行比较表明，后者的研究并未证实前者，且在每种情况下都存在显著差异。因此，人们对前者研究的有效性产生了一些怀疑。
