Whiteside A, Winsbury R
AIDS Anal Afr. 1996 Aug-Sep;6(4):1.
NGOs attempting to grapple with the thankless task of helping the Rwandan refugee camps have come in for some rough treatment from two directions over their HIV/AIDS efforts. At the policy level, an AMREF paper presented to the Vancouver conference charges bluntly that "There is no policy regarding HIV/STDs in refugee camps among international organizations specializing in refugee crises; thus there is absence of STD drugs and protocols, no privacy in open (tent) clinics, no means of protection (no condoms), and no information regarding STDs/HIV." AMREF bases its comments upon its experience among 700,000 Rwandan refugees in camps in West and North-West Tanzania, an area where (AMREF remarks pointedly) there was previously a low prevalence of HIV by Tanzanian standards, at 2-5%. At the operational level, CARE International, in a conference paper, reported rough treatment at the hands of the Rwandans themselves. It has been working under contract from AIDSCAP among the 400,000 Rwandans who fled to the Ngara district of Tanzania. Not surprisingly, it found that women and girls in the camps faced a higher risk than men. But more surprisingly at first sight, it found that after its HIV educational efforts "negative attitudes about condom use increased from 22% to 78%," which was possibly explained by "political ideology." "Young Hutu men in the camps boasted of their efforts to impregnate as many women and girls as possible to help replenish the population."
一些非政府组织试图承担起帮助卢旺达难民营这一吃力不讨好的任务，却在其防治艾滋病毒/艾滋病的努力中遭到了来自两个方面的粗暴对待。在政策层面，提交给温哥华会议的一份非洲医学和研究基金会的文件直言不讳地指责说：“在专门处理难民危机的国际组织中，没有关于难民营艾滋病毒/性传播疾病的政策；因此，缺乏性传播疾病药物和治疗方案，露天（帐篷）诊所没有隐私，没有保护手段（没有避孕套），也没有关于性传播疾病/艾滋病毒的信息。”非洲医学和研究基金会是根据其在坦桑尼亚西部和西北部难民营中70万卢旺达难民中的经验发表上述评论的，该地区（非洲医学和研究基金会尖锐地指出）按照坦桑尼亚的标准，以前艾滋病毒感染率较低，为2%至5%。在操作层面，国际关怀组织在一篇会议论文中报告了卢旺达方面对其的粗暴对待。该组织一直在艾滋病防治合作项目的合同下，为难民逃往坦桑尼亚恩加拉地区的40万卢旺达人开展工作。不出所料，该组织发现难民营中的妇女和女孩面临的风险比男子更高。但乍一看更令人惊讶的是，该组织发现，在其开展艾滋病毒教育工作后，“对使用避孕套的负面态度从22%上升到了78%”，这可能是由“政治意识形态”造成的。“难民营中的年轻胡图族男子吹嘘他们尽可能多地让妇女和女孩怀孕以帮助补充人口的行为。”
