Sierksma Aafje, van der Gaag Martijn S, van Tol Arie, James Richard W, Hendriks Henk F J
Department of Nutritional Physiology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research, Zeist, The Netherlands.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2002 Sep;26(9):1430-5. doi: 10.1097/01.ALC.0000030639.57507.60.
The inverse association between moderate drinking and coronary heart disease mortality is well established. This study was performed to investigate the kinetics of the alcohol-induced increases in apo A-1, HDL cholesterol, and paraoxonase (PON) activity, as well as to study whether the alcohol-induced increases in PON activity differ within different PON polymorphisms, and to investigate whether moderate alcohol consumption has similar effects on the outcome measures in postmenopausal women as in middle-aged men.
In a randomized, diet-controlled, crossover study, 10 middle-aged men and 9 postmenopausal women, all apparently healthy, nonsmoking, and moderate alcohol drinkers, consumed beer or no-alcohol beer (control) with evening dinner during two successive periods of 3 weeks. During the beer period, alcohol intake equaled 40 and 30 g/day for men and women, respectively. The total diet was supplied to the subjects and had essentially the same composition during these 6 weeks. Before each treatment was a 1-week washout period, in which the subjects were not allowed to drink alcoholic beverages.
Moderate alcohol consumption significantly increased serum apo A-I level after 5 days (3.7%, p < 0.05); after 10 days, serum HDL cholesterol level was increased (6.8%, p < 0.001), and after 15 days serum PON activity was increased (3.7%, p < 0.05), all compared with no alcohol consumption. Gene polymorphisms did not modulate the alcohol effect on PON.
Serum apo A-I, HDL cholesterol, and PON activity were significantly increased during 3 weeks of moderate alcohol consumption as compared with no alcohol consumption. Moreover, the results suggest that there is a sequence in induction of these parameters. After an increase in apo A-I, HDL cholesterol is increased followed by an increase in PON activity. Increased serum HDL cholesterol level and PON activity may be a mechanism of action not only in healthy middle-aged men but also in postmenopausal women, underlying the reduced coronary heart disease risk in moderate drinkers.
适度饮酒与冠心病死亡率之间的负相关关系已得到充分证实。本研究旨在探讨酒精诱导的载脂蛋白A-1、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL胆固醇）和对氧磷酶（PON）活性增加的动力学，研究酒精诱导的PON活性增加在不同PON基因多态性中是否存在差异，并调查适度饮酒对绝经后女性结局指标的影响是否与中年男性相似。
在一项随机、饮食控制的交叉研究中，10名中年男性和9名绝经后女性，均看似健康、不吸烟且为适度饮酒者，在连续两个为期3周的时间段内，晚餐时饮用啤酒或无酒精啤酒（对照）。在饮用啤酒期间，男性和女性的酒精摄入量分别为每天40克和30克。在这6周内，为受试者提供总饮食，其组成基本相同。每次治疗前有1周的洗脱期，在此期间受试者不得饮用酒精饮料。
与不饮酒相比，适度饮酒5天后血清载脂蛋白A-I水平显著升高（3.7%，p<0.05）；10天后，血清HDL胆固醇水平升高（6.8%，p<0.001），15天后血清PON活性升高（3.7%，p<0.05）。基因多态性并未调节酒精对PON的影响。
与不饮酒相比，适度饮酒3周期间血清载脂蛋白A-I、HDL胆固醇和PON活性显著升高。此外，结果表明这些参数的诱导存在一定顺序。载脂蛋白A-I升高后，HDL胆固醇升高，随后PON活性升高。血清HDL胆固醇水平和PON活性升高可能不仅是健康中年男性，也是绝经后女性降低冠心病风险的作用机制。
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