Etter Jean-François, Laszlo Evelyne, Zellweger Jean-Pierre, Perrot Charles, Perneger Thomas V
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002 Oct;22(5):487-95. doi: 10.1097/00004714-200210000-00008.
The objective of this study was to assess whether nicotine replacement therapy, administered in a real-life situation, could reduce cigarette consumption in smokers who were not prepared to quit smoking. Daily smokers of more than 20 cigarettes per day who had no intention to quit smoking in the next 6 months were recruited from the general population and randomly assigned to either a 6-month treatment of nicotine (choice among a 15-mg nicotine patch, a 4-mg nicotine gum, a 10-mg nicotine inhaler, or a combination of these, N = 265), matching placebo products (N = 269), or no intervention (N = 389). Products were sent to participants by mail. Education was limited to a booklet. Of 923 participants, 879 (95%) were followed up after 6 months. Mean baseline consumption was 30 cigarettes per day in all groups. At 6 months, cigarette consumption decreased by a median of 10 cigarettes per day in the nicotine group, 7.5 in the placebo group, and 2.5 among controls ( < 0.04 for all pair-wise comparisons). Smoking cessation rates were low (2%-4%) and did not differ significantly between groups. Quit attempts were less frequent among controls (21%) than among the nicotine (28%, = 0.04) and placebo (27%, = 0.08) subjects. In conclusion, nicotine replacement therapy helped smokers reduce their cigarette consumption and maintain this reduction over 6 months, but a large part of this reduction was attributable to a placebo effect. Nicotine treatment for smoking reduction had no detectable impact on smoking cessation.
本研究的目的是评估在现实生活环境中给予尼古丁替代疗法是否能减少不准备戒烟的吸烟者的卷烟消费量。从普通人群中招募每天吸烟超过20支且在未来6个月内无意戒烟的吸烟者，并将其随机分为三组：接受为期6个月的尼古丁治疗组（从15毫克尼古丁贴片、4毫克尼古丁口香糖、10毫克尼古丁吸入器或这些产品的组合中选择，N = 265）、匹配的安慰剂产品组（N = 269）或无干预组（N = 389）。产品通过邮寄方式发送给参与者。教育仅限于一本小册子。923名参与者中，879名（95%）在6个月后接受了随访。所有组的平均基线消费量均为每天30支卷烟。在6个月时，尼古丁组的卷烟消费量中位数每天减少10支，安慰剂组减少7.5支，对照组减少2.5支（所有两两比较均P<0.04）。戒烟率较低（2%-4%），且组间无显著差异。对照组的戒烟尝试频率（21%）低于尼古丁组（28%，P = 0.04）和安慰剂组（27%，P = 0.08）。总之，尼古丁替代疗法有助于吸烟者减少卷烟消费量，并在6个月内维持这种减少，但这种减少的很大一部分归因于安慰剂效应。用于减少吸烟的尼古丁治疗对戒烟没有可检测到的影响。
