Ziman John
University of Bristol, 27 Little London Green, Oakley, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire HP18 9QL, United Kingdom.
Sci Eng Ethics. 2002 Jul;8(3):397-9. doi: 10.1007/s11948-002-0060-z.
For scientific knowledge to be trustworthy, it needs to be dissociated from material interests. Disinterested research also performs other important noninstrumental roles. In particular, academic science has traditionally provided society with reliable, imaginative public knowledge and independent, self-critical expertise. But this type of science is not compatible with the practice of instrumental research, which is typically proprietary, prosaic, pragmatic and partisan. With ever-increasing dependence on commercial or state funding, all modes of knowledge production are merging into a new, 'post-academic' research culture which is dominated by utilitarian goals. Growing concern about conflicts of interest is thus a symptom of deep-seated malaise in science and medicine.
为使科学知识值得信赖，它需要与物质利益相脱离。无私利性研究还发挥着其他重要的非工具性作用。特别是，学术科学传统上为社会提供了可靠、富有想象力的公共知识以及独立、批判性的专业知识。但这种类型的科学与工具性研究的实践不相容，工具性研究通常具有专有性、平淡无奇、注重实效和偏袒性。随着对商业或国家资金的依赖日益增加，所有知识生产模式都正在融入一种以功利目标为主导的新的“后学术”研究文化。因此，对利益冲突的日益关注是科学和医学中深层次问题的一个症状。
