Mathews Susan A, Oliver William T, Phillips Oulayvanh T, Odle Jack, Diersen-Schade Deborah A, Harrell Robert J
North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA.
J Nutr. 2002 Oct;132(10):3081-9. doi: 10.1093/jn/131.10.3081.
Addition of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to infant formula promotes visual and neural development. This study was designed to determine whether the source of dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) affected overall animal health and safety. Piglets consumed ad libitum from 1 to 16 d of age a skim milk-based formula with different fat sources added to provide 50% of the metabolizable energy. Treatment groups were as follows: control (CNTL; no added LCPUFA), egg phospholipid (PL), algal/fungal triglyceride (TG) oils, TG plus PL (soy lecithin source) added to match phospholipid treatment (TG + PL) and essential fatty acid deficient (EFAD). Formulas with LCPUFA provided 0.6 and 0.3 g/100 g total fatty acids as AA and DHA, respectively. CNTL piglets had 40% longer ileal villi than PL piglets (P < 0.03), but the TG group was not different from the CNTL group. Gross liver histology did not differ among any of the formula-fed groups (P > 0.1). Apparent dry matter digestibility was 10% greater in CNTL, TG and TG + PL groups compared with PL piglets (P < 0.002). No differences in alanine aminotransferase were detected among treatments, but aspartate aminotransferase was elevated (P < 0.03) in PL piglets compared with TG + PL piglets. Total plasma AA concentration was greater in the TG group compared with CNTL piglets (P < 0.05). Total plasma DHA concentrations were greater in TG piglets compared with PL (P < 0.06) or CNTL (P < 0.02) piglets. These data demonstrate that the algal/fungal TG sources of DHA and AA may be a more appropriate supplement for infant formulas than the egg PL source based on piglet plasma fatty acid profiles and apparent dry matter digestibilities.
在婴儿配方奶粉中添加花生四烯酸（AA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）可促进视觉和神经发育。本研究旨在确定膳食长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCPUFA）的来源是否会影响动物的整体健康和安全性。仔猪在1至16日龄时自由采食以脱脂牛奶为基础的配方奶粉，添加不同的脂肪来源以提供50%的可代谢能量。处理组如下：对照组（CNTL；不添加LCPUFA）、鸡蛋磷脂（PL）、藻类/真菌甘油三酯（TG）油、添加TG加PL（大豆卵磷脂来源）以匹配磷脂处理组（TG + PL）和必需脂肪酸缺乏组（EFAD）。含有LCPUFA的配方奶粉分别提供0.6和0.3 g/100 g总脂肪酸作为AA和DHA。CNTL组仔猪的回肠绒毛比PL组仔猪长40%（P < 0.03），但TG组与CNTL组无差异。任何配方奶粉喂养组的肝脏大体组织学均无差异（P > 0.1）。与PL组仔猪相比，CNTL、TG和TG + PL组的表观干物质消化率高10%（P < 0.002）。各处理组之间未检测到丙氨酸转氨酶的差异，但与TG + PL组仔猪相比，PL组仔猪的天冬氨酸转氨酶升高（P < 0.03）。与CNTL组仔猪相比，TG组的总血浆AA浓度更高（P < 0.05）。与PL组（P < 0.06）或CNTL组（P < 0.02）仔猪相比，TG组仔猪的总血浆DHA浓度更高。这些数据表明，基于仔猪血浆脂肪酸谱和表观干物质消化率，藻类/真菌来源的TG作为DHA和AA可能比鸡蛋PL来源更适合作为婴儿配方奶粉的补充剂。
