Robbins T W
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2002 Oct;163(3-4):362-80. doi: 10.1007/s00213-002-1154-7. Epub 2002 Aug 9.
The developmental history and application of the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT) for measuring effects of drugs and other manipulations on attentional performance (and stimulus control) in rats is reviewed.
The 5CSRTT has been used for measuring effects of systemic drug treatments and also central manipulations such as neurochemical lesions on various aspects of attentional control, including sustained, selective and divided attention--and is relevant to the definition of neural systems of attention and applications to human disorders such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Alzheimer's disease.
The 5CSRTT is implemented in a specially designed operant chamber with multiple response locations ('nine-hole box') using food reinforcers to maintain performance on baseline sessions (about 100 trials) at criterion levels of accuracy and trials completed. The 5CSRTT can be used for measuring various aspects of attentional control over performance with its main measures of accuracy, premature responding, correct response latencies and latency to collect earned food pellets.
The data reviewed include studies mainly of systemic and intra-cerebral effects of adrenoceptor, dopamine receptor, serotoninergic receptor and cholinergic receptor agents. These are compared with investigations of effects of selective chemical neurotoxins and excitotoxins applied to discrete parts of the forebrain, in order to define the neural and neurochemical substrates of attentional function. Furthermore, these results are integrated with findings from in vivo microdialysis in freely moving rats or metabolic studies.
The monoaminergic and cholinergic systems appear to play separable roles in different aspects of performance controlled by the 5CSRTT, in neural systems centred on the prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex and striatum. These conclusions are considered in the methodological and theoretical context of other psychopharmacological studies of attention in animals and humans.
本文回顾了五选择连续反应时任务（5CSRTT）的发展历程及其在测量药物和其他操作对大鼠注意力表现（以及刺激控制）的影响方面的应用。
5CSRTT已被用于测量全身药物治疗以及诸如神经化学损伤等中枢操作对注意力控制各个方面的影响，包括持续注意力、选择性注意力和分散注意力，并且与注意力神经系统的定义以及在人类疾病如注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和阿尔茨海默病中的应用相关。
5CSRTT在一个专门设计的带有多个反应位置的操作性条件反射箱（“九孔箱”）中实施，使用食物强化物将基线实验（约100次试验）的表现维持在准确性和完成试验的标准水平。5CSRTT可用于测量注意力控制对表现的各个方面，其主要测量指标包括准确性、过早反应、正确反应潜伏期以及收集获得的食物颗粒的潜伏期。
所回顾的数据包括主要关于肾上腺素能受体、多巴胺受体、5-羟色胺能受体和胆碱能受体药物的全身和脑内效应的研究。将这些研究与应用于前脑离散部位的选择性化学神经毒素和兴奋性毒素的效应研究进行比较，以确定注意力功能的神经和神经化学底物。此外，这些结果与自由活动大鼠体内微透析或代谢研究的结果相结合。
单胺能和胆碱能系统似乎在以额叶前皮质、扣带回皮质和纹状体为中心的神经系统中，在由5CSRTT控制的表现的不同方面发挥着不同作用。在动物和人类注意力的其他精神药理学研究的方法学和理论背景下考虑了这些结论。
