Functional alteration by NMDA antagonist: effects of L-Dopa, neuroleptics drug and postnatal administration.

Antiakinsic effects of the uncompetitive NMDA antagonists, memantine, amantadine and MK-801, and competitive antagonists, CGP 40116, alone or in co-administration with acute subthreshold dose of L-Dopa (5 mg/kg) in MPTP-treated mice, functional alterations induced by acute MK-801 in combinations with neuroleptic compounds or behavioural deficits following postnatal administration of MK-801 were investigated. Memantine and amantadine injected 60 min before the subthreshold dose of L-Dopa (5 mg/kg), induced antiakinesic actions in hypokinesic MPTP-treated mice. Concurrently, higher doses of memantine and MK-801 caused dyskinesic changes, reducing further rearing (10 and 30 mg/kg) and locomotor (30 mg/kg) behaviour of the MPTP mice; MK-801 elevated locomotion (0.1 mg/kg) but reduced rearing (0.3 mg/kg). In control, saline-treated mice, memantine (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg) and MK-801 (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) increased locomotor behaviour but decreased rearing behaviour. In rats, MK-801 induced marked increases in locomotor activity and disruptions of circular swim maze acquisition that were to greater or lesser extents blocked or potentiated by neuroleptic compounds: SCH 23390 (0.005 and 0.05 mg/kg) and clozapine (5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) dose-dependently antagonised MK-801 (0.3 mg/kg) induced locomotor activity whereas raclopride (0.1 mg/kg) and haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg) attenuated it dose-specifically. Amperozide (0.5 mg/kg) attenuated the MK-801 effect but potentiated it at the 2.0 mg/kg dose. In the circular swim maze, raclopride (0.01 mg/kg) and SCH 23390 (0.05 mg/kg) improved the acquisitive performance of rats administered MK-801 (0.03 mg/kg) acutely whereas clozapine (10.0 mg/kg) and amperozide (2.0 mg/kg) deteriorated the performance of MK-801-treated rats. Postnatal administration of MK-801 (0.05 mg/kg, day 11 after birth) induced severe functional alterations in adult mice. At 70 days of age, MK-801 mice showed an initial hypoactivity followed by marked hyperactivity in the motor activity test chambers. These mice showed deficits in habituation, a nonassociative form of learning. Their hyperactivity in the test chambers was reversed by a low dose of d-amphetamine (0.25 mg/kg). Taken together, these findings display a wide range of acute/long-term functional alterations induced by NMDA antagonists, particularly MK-801, associated with animal models of brain disorders.