Hoste Hervé, Chartier Christophe, Le Frileux Yves
Physiopathologie des Maladies Infectieuses et Parasitaires des Ruminants, Unité Mixte de Recherche 959 INRA/DGER, ENV Toulouse, France.
Vet Res. 2002 Sep-Oct;33(5):531-45. doi: 10.1051/vetres:2002037.
Infections of the gastrointestinal tract with parasitic nematodes remain one of the main limiting factors in grazing dairy goats. The usual mode of control of these parasitic diseases has up to now been based on the repeated use of anthelmintics. However, the prevalence rates of anthelmintic resistances, in particular to benzimidazoles, are now particularly high in the French dairy goat production. This situation makes it mandatory to reconsider the usual mode of control of these nematodes and to look for short term, alternative solutions which combine the control of gastrointestinal infections and management of anthelmintic resistances. One of the possible options is to leave a part of the flock without treatment during the grazing season in order to maintain alleles of susceptibility to anthelmintics within the worm populations. Previous epidemiological observations identifying the categories of host populations at risk are presented which provide the rationale for targeted applications of treatments. The results of assays on experimental flocks and from farm surveys examining the advantages and drawbacks of selective treatments are presented. The value of these results in combination with other alternative solutions of control are discussed in order to use minimum treatments with maximum benefits.
寄生线虫引起的胃肠道感染仍是放牧奶山羊的主要限制因素之一。迄今为止，这些寄生虫病的常规控制方式一直基于反复使用驱虫药。然而，在法国奶山羊生产中，驱虫药耐药率，尤其是对苯并咪唑类药物的耐药率目前特别高。这种情况使得必须重新考虑这些线虫的常规控制方式，并寻找短期的替代解决方案，将胃肠道感染的控制与驱虫药耐药性的管理结合起来。一种可能的选择是在放牧季节让一部分羊群不进行治疗，以便在蠕虫种群中维持对驱虫药敏感的等位基因。文中介绍了先前确定有风险宿主种群类别的流行病学观察结果，这些结果为有针对性地应用治疗方法提供了理论依据。还介绍了对实验羊群的检测结果以及来自农场调查的结果，这些调查检验了选择性治疗的优缺点。讨论了这些结果与其他替代控制方案相结合的价值，以便以最小的治疗量获得最大的效益。
