Devereaux Asha, Amundson Dennis E, Parrish J S, Lazarus Angeline A
Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Naval Medical Center, 36800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134, USA.
Postgrad Med. 2002 Oct;112(4):90-6; quiz 4. doi: 10.3810/pgm.2002.10.1334.
Vesicants and nerve agents have been used in chemical warfare for ages. They remain a threat in today's altered political climate because they are relatively simple to produce, transport, and deploy. Vesicants, such as mustard and lewisite, can affect the skin, eyes, respiratory system, and gastrointestinal system. They leave affected persons at risk for long-term effects. Nerve agents, such as tabun, sarin, soman, and VX, hyperstimulate the muscarinic and nicotinic receptors of the nervous system. Physicians need to familiarize themselves with the clinical findings of such exposures and the decontamination and treatment strategies necessary to minimize injuries and deaths.
糜烂性毒剂和神经毒剂在化学战中已被使用多年。在当今变化了的政治环境中，它们仍然构成威胁，因为它们相对易于生产、运输和部署。糜烂性毒剂，如芥子气和路易氏剂，可影响皮肤、眼睛、呼吸系统和胃肠道系统。它们使受害者面临长期影响的风险。神经毒剂，如塔崩、沙林、梭曼和VX，会过度刺激神经系统的毒蕈碱和烟碱受体。医生需要熟悉此类暴露的临床症状以及为尽量减少伤亡所需的去污和治疗策略。
