Balsinde Jesús, Winstead Michelle V, Dennis Edward A
Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Spanish Council for Scientific Research, University of Valladolid School of Medicine, 47005, Valladolid, Spain.
FEBS Lett. 2002 Oct 30;531(1):2-6. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03413-0.
Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) constitutes a growing superfamily of lipolytic enzymes, and to date, at least 19 distinct enzymes have been found in mammals. This class of enzymes has attracted considerable interest as a pharmacological target in view of its role in lipid signaling and its involvement in a variety of inflammatory conditions. PLA(2)s hydrolyze the sn-2 ester bond of cellular phospholipids, producing a free fatty acid and a lysophospholipid, both of which are lipid signaling molecules. The free fatty acid produced is frequently arachidonic acid (AA, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid), the precursor of the eicosanoid family of potent inflammatory mediators that includes prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes and lipoxins. Multiple PLA(2) enzymes are active within and surrounding the cell and these enzymes have distinct, but interconnected roles in AA release.
磷脂酶A2（PLA2）构成了一个不断壮大的脂解酶超家族，迄今为止，在哺乳动物中已发现至少19种不同的酶。鉴于这类酶在脂质信号传导中的作用及其参与多种炎症反应，它作为一个药理学靶点已引起了广泛关注。PLA2水解细胞磷脂的sn-2酯键，产生游离脂肪酸和溶血磷脂，这两者都是脂质信号分子。产生的游离脂肪酸通常是花生四烯酸（AA，5,8,11,14-二十碳四烯酸），它是类花生酸家族强效炎症介质的前体，类花生酸家族包括前列腺素、血栓素、白三烯和脂氧素。多种PLA2酶在细胞内和细胞周围具有活性，并且这些酶在花生四烯酸释放中具有不同但相互关联的作用。
