Martínez-Alvarez R M, Hidalgo M C, Domezain A, Morales A E, García-Gallego M, Sanz A
Dept Biología Animal y Ecología, Univ de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
J Exp Biol. 2002 Dec;205(Pt 23):3699-706. doi: 10.1242/jeb.205.23.3699.
The possible repercussions of osmoregulatory processes on some indicators of classical and oxidative stress were examined during gradual acclimation of sturgeons (Acipenser naccarii) to full seawater (35% salinity) and after a period of 20 approximately days at this salinity. Erythrocyte constants and levels of cortisol, protein and glucose in the plasma were determined. In addition, plasma osmolality and muscle-hydration values, as well as liver and heart protein, were determined. Catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities and lipidperoxidation levels were measured in blood (plasma and red blood cells) and tissue (liver and heart). A number of physiological responses, such as disturbance in body fluid, activation of osmoregulatory mechanisms, augmented antioxidant defences in blood and alteration of energy metabolites, were detected with increasing environmental salinity. After 20 days at 35% salinity, plasma osmolality, erythrocyte constants and muscle water content all returned to values usual for low environmental salinity, indicating that osmoregulatory processes have achieved their objective. However, cortisol values, antioxidant enzyme activities in the blood (plasma and red blood cells), lipid peroxidation in plasma, and hepatic proteins did not return to initial values, showing that osmoregulatory processes cause major physiological changes in the fish.
在将纳氏鲟（Acipenser naccarii）逐步适应全海水（盐度35%）的过程中，以及在该盐度下大约20天之后，研究了渗透调节过程对经典应激和氧化应激一些指标的可能影响。测定了红细胞常数以及血浆中皮质醇、蛋白质和葡萄糖的水平。此外，还测定了血浆渗透压和肌肉水合值，以及肝脏和心脏蛋白质。测量了血液（血浆和红细胞）及组织（肝脏和心脏）中的过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性以及脂质过氧化水平。随着环境盐度的增加，检测到了许多生理反应，如体液紊乱、渗透调节机制激活、血液中抗氧化防御增强以及能量代谢物改变。在35%盐度下20天后，血浆渗透压、红细胞常数和肌肉含水量均恢复到低环境盐度时的正常值，表明渗透调节过程已达到目的。然而，皮质醇值、血液（血浆和红细胞）中的抗氧化酶活性、血浆中的脂质过氧化以及肝脏蛋白质并未恢复到初始值，这表明渗透调节过程会导致鱼类发生重大生理变化。
