Danielewicz Paweł, Lacey Roy, Lynch William G
National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1321, USA.
Science. 2002 Nov 22;298(5598):1592-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1078070. Epub 2002 Oct 31.
Nuclear collisions can compress nuclear matter to densities achieved within neutron stars and within core-collapse supernovae. These dense states of matter exist momentarily before expanding. We analyzed the flow of matter to extract pressures in excess of 10(34) pascals, the highest recorded under laboratory-controlled conditions. Using these analyses, we rule out strongly repulsive nuclear equations of state from relativistic mean field theory and weakly repulsive equations of state with phase transitions at densities less than three times that of stable nuclei, but not equations of state softened at higher densities because of a transformation to quark matter.
核碰撞能够将核物质压缩到在中子星内部以及核心坍缩超新星内部所达到的密度。这些高密度物质状态在膨胀之前会短暂存在。我们分析了物质流，以提取超过10³⁴帕斯卡的压力，这是在实验室控制条件下记录到的最高压力。通过这些分析，我们排除了相对论平均场理论中强排斥性的核状态方程以及在密度低于稳定原子核密度三倍时具有相变的弱排斥性状态方程，但并未排除由于向夸克物质转变而在更高密度下软化的状态方程。
