Bjørnstad Ottar N, Peltonen Mikko, Liebhold Andrew M, Baltensweiler Werner
Departments of Entomology and Biology, 501 ASI Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):1020-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1075182.
Spatially extended population models predict complex spatiotemporal patterns, such as spiral waves and spatial chaos, as a result of the reaction-diffusion dynamics that arise from trophic interactions. However, examples of such patterns in ecological systems are scarce. We develop a quantitative technique to demonstrate the existence of waves in Central European larch budmoth (Zeiraphera diniana Gn.) outbreaks. We show that these waves travel toward the northeast-east at 210 kilometers per year. A theoretical model involving a moth-enemy interaction predicts directional waves, but only if dispersal is directionally biased or habitat productivity varies across the landscape. Our study confirms that nonlinear ecological interactions can lead to complex spatial dynamics at a regional scale.
空间扩展种群模型预测，由于营养相互作用产生的反应扩散动力学，会出现复杂的时空模式，如螺旋波和空间混沌。然而，生态系统中此类模式的实例却很稀少。我们开发了一种定量技术，以证明中欧落叶松芽蛾（Zeiraphera diniana Gn.）爆发中存在波。我们表明，这些波以每年210公里的速度向东北偏东方向传播。一个涉及蛾与天敌相互作用的理论模型预测会出现定向波，但前提是扩散存在方向偏差或栖息地生产力在整个景观中有所变化。我们的研究证实，非线性生态相互作用可导致区域尺度上复杂的空间动态。
