Holmen T L, Barrett-Connor E, Clausen J, Langhammer A, Holmen J, Bjermer L
HUNT Research Center, Department of Community Medicine and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Sicence and Technology, Trondheim.
Respir Med. 2002 Oct;96(10):796-804. doi: 10.1053/rmed.2002.1350.
Girls take up smoking at least as frequently as boys. Few studies have focused on gender differences in the impact of adolescent smoking. We evaluated the sex-specific effect of adolescent smoking on respiratory symptoms and lung function. All students in junior high and high schools in Nord-Trøndelag County Norway, 1995-97, were invited to participate in a cross-sectional study. Information on smoking habits and respiratory symptoms was obtained by self-administered questionnaires. Spirometry was performed in accordance with ATS standards. Eight-thousand-three-hundred and five students (83%) completed both questionnaire and spirometry. Among 6811 students aged 13-18 years (50.3% girls) with no history of asthma, 2993 (43.9%) reported never smoking, 665 (98%) reported occasional smoking, and 667 (9.9%) reported daily smoking (mean initiation age: 13.9 years). More boys than girls were heavy smokers. In all smoking categories, smokers reported a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms than nonsmokers; symptoms increased with smoke burden. Girls reported more symptoms compared to boys with comparable smoke burden. A dose-response relation between smoking and reduced lung function was found only in girls. Girls were more vulnerable than boys to the impact of smoking on respiratory symptoms and lung function.
女孩吸烟的频率至少与男孩一样高。很少有研究关注青少年吸烟影响方面的性别差异。我们评估了青少年吸烟对呼吸道症状和肺功能的性别特异性影响。邀请了1995 - 1997年挪威北特伦德拉格郡初中和高中的所有学生参与一项横断面研究。通过自行填写问卷获取吸烟习惯和呼吸道症状的信息。按照美国胸科学会（ATS）标准进行肺活量测定。8305名学生（83%）完成了问卷和肺活量测定。在6811名13 - 18岁且无哮喘病史的学生（50.3%为女生）中，2993人（43.9%）报告从不吸烟，665人（9.8%）报告偶尔吸烟，667人（9.9%）报告每天吸烟（平均开始吸烟年龄：13.9岁）。重度吸烟者中男孩比女孩多。在所有吸烟类别中，吸烟者报告的呼吸道症状患病率高于不吸烟者；症状随吸烟量增加而增多。与吸烟量相当的男孩相比，女孩报告的症状更多。仅在女孩中发现吸烟与肺功能降低之间存在剂量反应关系。女孩比男孩更容易受到吸烟对呼吸道症状和肺功能的影响。
