Moeser A J, Kim I B, van Heugten E, Kempen T A T G
Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2002 Oct;80(10):2629-38. doi: 10.2527/2002.80102629x.
Three experiments were designed to assess the feeding value and potential environmental benefits of feeding degermed, dehulled corn, a low fiber by-product originating from the corn dry milling process, to pigs. Twelve 27-kg (SE = 0.8) barrows were used in Exp. 1 to measure the apparent fecal digestibility of DM, GE and N of degermed, dehulled corn compared with corn grain. Two diets were formulated to contain either 96.4% of degermed, dehulled corn or corn grain plus supplemental vitamins and minerals. Digestibilities of DM, GE, and N were greater in degermed, dehulled corn (96.2, 96.0, and 93.6%, respectively) compared with corn grain (89.0, 89.0, and 78.4%, respectively) (P < 0.01). Overall, a 67 and 29% reduction in DM and N excretion, respectively, was observed. In Exp. 2, eight 70-kg (SE =1.8) barrows were surgically fitted with ileal cannulae and fed the same diets as in Exp. 1, to measure the ileal digestibility of nutrients in degermed, dehulled corn. Ileal digestibility of DM, energy, and N was 13, 15, and 7% greater in degermed, dehulled corn (P < 0.05). Apparent ileal digestibility coefficients of leucine, methionine, and phenylalanine were greater in degermed, dehulled corn compared with corn grain (P < 0.05) while a trend for a lower tryptophan digestibility in degermed, dehulled corn was observed (P = 0.067). In Experiment 3, 96 nursery pigs with an initial average BW of 8.8 kg (SE = 0.08), fed a starter diet formulated with degermed, dehulled corn or corn grain as the major grain source, were used in a 28-d growth performance study. At the end of the study, 24 pigs (1 pig per pen) were sacrificed and gastrointestinal tract measurements were taken. Daily growth rates of pigs were the same between diets (0.64 kg/d). A trend for reduced feed intake (P = 0.073) in pigs fed degermed, dehulled corn led to a 4% improvement in gain to feed (P < 0.05). Feeding degermed, dehulled corn had no effect on gut fill, gastrointestinal tract weight, or liver weight (P > 0.05). Ileal villus lengths and crypt depths were not affected by feeding degermed, dehulled corn although ileal villus widths were greater in pigs fed corn grain. Results from these trials suggest that corn processed to remove poorly digestible fiber fractions provides more digestible nutrients than corn grain. As a result, degermed, dehulled corn reduces fecal and N excretion, thus providing a means to reduce nutrient excretion.
设计了三项试验来评估向猪饲喂脱胚、去皮玉米（一种源自玉米干法碾磨工艺的低纤维副产品）的饲用价值和潜在环境效益。试验1中使用了12头体重27千克（标准误=0.8）的公猪，来测定脱胚、去皮玉米与玉米粒相比的干物质（DM）、总能（GE）和氮的表观粪消化率。配制了两种日粮，分别含有96.4%的脱胚、去皮玉米或玉米粒，并添加了维生素和矿物质。与玉米粒（分别为89.0%、89.0%和78.4%）相比，脱胚、去皮玉米的DM、GE和氮消化率更高（分别为96.2%、96.0%和93.6%）（P<0.01）。总体而言，观察到DM和氮排泄分别减少了67%和29%。试验2中，8头体重70千克（标准误=1.8）的公猪通过手术安装了回肠瘘管，并饲喂与试验1相同的日粮，以测定脱胚、去皮玉米中养分的回肠消化率。脱胚、去皮玉米的DM、能量和氮的回肠消化率分别高出13%、15%和7%（P<0.05）。与玉米粒相比，脱胚、去皮玉米中亮氨酸、蛋氨酸和苯丙氨酸的表观回肠消化率系数更高（P<0.05），不过观察到脱胚、去皮玉米中色氨酸消化率有降低的趋势（P=0.067）。试验3中，96头初始平均体重8.8千克（标准误=0.08）的保育猪被用于一项为期28天的生长性能研究，饲喂以脱胚、去皮玉米或玉米粒作为主要谷物来源配制的起始日粮。在研究结束时，宰杀了24头猪（每栏1头）并进行了胃肠道测量。两种日粮的猪日生长率相同（0.64千克/天）。饲喂脱胚、去皮玉米的猪采食量有降低的趋势（P=0.073），导致料重比提高了4%（P<0.05）。饲喂脱胚、去皮玉米对肠道充盈度、胃肠道重量或肝脏重量没有影响（P>0.05）。饲喂脱胚、去皮玉米对回肠绒毛长度和隐窝深度没有影响，不过饲喂玉米粒的猪回肠绒毛宽度更大。这些试验结果表明，经过加工去除难消化纤维部分的玉米比玉米粒提供了更多可消化养分。因此，脱胚、去皮玉米减少了粪便和氮排泄，从而提供了一种减少养分排泄的方法。
