Mozafar A, Ruh R, Klingel P, Gamper H, Egli S, Frossard E
Institute of Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Eschikon Experiment Station, Lindau.
Environ Monit Assess. 2002 Oct;79(2):177-91. doi: 10.1023/a:1020202801163.
We grew leek (Allium porrum) in soils of two shooting ranges heavily contaminated with heavy metals in the towns of Zuchwil and Oberuzwil in Switzerland as a bioassay to test the activity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in these soils. Soil samples were taken from (1) front of the shooting house (HOUSE), (2) the area between house and target (FIELD) and (3) the berm (BACKSTOP). Samples of Ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) growing naturally within the shooting ranges were also collected and the colonization of its roots by mycorrhizal fungi was measured. The number of AM spores in the soils was significantly reduced concomitant with the increase in the degree of soil contamination with metals. In Zuchwil, mycorrhizal fungi equally colonized roots of Ribwort plantain sampled from BACKSTOP and HOUSE. In Oberuzwil, however, plants from BACKSTOP had lower colonization when compared with those sampled from HOUSE. Colonization of leek was strongly reduced in the BACKSTOP soil of Zuchwil and slightly reduced in the BACKSTOP soil of Oberuzwil when compared with plants grown in respective HOUSE soil. Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the leaves of leek grown in the BACKSTOP soil was within the range considered toxic for human consumption. This points to the high degree of bioavailability of these metal in these soils. Significant decrease in the number of mycorrhizal spores in the BACKSTOP soils in Zuchwil and the low colonization of leek roots grown in these soils point to possible changes in the species diversity of mycorrhizal fungi in these soils.
我们在瑞士祖赫维尔和上鲁兹维尔镇两个重金属严重污染的靶场土壤中种植韭菜（葱属植物），作为一种生物测定方法来测试这些土壤中丛枝菌根（AM）真菌的活性。土壤样本取自（1）射击房前方（HOUSE）、（2）房屋与靶标之间的区域（FIELD）以及（3）护堤（BACKSTOP）。还收集了在靶场内自然生长的车前草（Plantago lanceolata）样本，并测定了其根部被菌根真菌的定殖情况。随着土壤金属污染程度的增加，土壤中AM孢子的数量显著减少。在祖赫维尔，菌根真菌对从BACKSTOP和HOUSE采集的车前草根系的定殖程度相同。然而，在上鲁兹维尔，与从HOUSE采集的植株相比，BACKSTOP的植株定殖程度较低。与在各自的HOUSE土壤中生长的植株相比，祖赫维尔BACKSTOP土壤中韭菜的定殖程度大幅降低，上鲁兹维尔BACKSTOP土壤中韭菜的定殖程度略有降低。在BACKSTOP土壤中生长的韭菜叶片中镉、铬、铜、镍、铅和锌的浓度处于被认为对人类消费有毒的范围内。这表明这些金属在这些土壤中的生物有效性很高。祖赫维尔BACKSTOP土壤中菌根孢子数量的显著减少以及在这些土壤中生长的韭菜根系的低定殖程度表明这些土壤中菌根真菌的物种多样性可能发生了变化。
