Israel Abir, Langrand Julien, Fontaine Joël, Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui Anissa
Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV-UR 4492), Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, CS 80699, F-62228 Calais, France.
Foods. 2022 Aug 26;11(17):2591. doi: 10.3390/foods11172591.
Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) have been used worldwide for thousands of years and play a critical role in traditional medicines, cosmetics, and food industries. In recent years, the cultivation of MAPs has become of great interest worldwide due to the increased demand for natural products, in particular essential oils (EOs). Climate change has exacerbated the effects of abiotic stresses on the growth, productivity, and quality of MAPs. Hence, there is a need for eco-friendly agricultural strategies to enhance plant growth and productivity. Among the adaptive strategies used by MAPs to cope with the adverse effects of abiotic stresses including water stress, salinity, pollution, etc., their association with beneficial microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can improve MAPs' tolerance to these stresses. The current review (1) summarizes the effect of major abiotic stresses on MAPs' growth and yield, and the composition of EOs distilled from MAP species; (2) reports the mechanisms through which AMF root colonization can trigger the response of MAPs to abiotic stresses at morphological, physiological, and molecular levels; (3) discusses the contribution and synergistic effects of AMF and other amendments (e.g., plant growth-promoting bacteria, organic or inorganic amendments) on MAPs' growth and yield, and the composition of distilled EOs in stressed environments. In conclusion, several perspectives are suggested to promote future investigations.
药用和芳香植物在全球已被使用数千年，在传统医药、化妆品和食品工业中发挥着关键作用。近年来，由于对天然产品尤其是精油（EOs）的需求增加，药用和芳香植物的种植在全球范围内引起了极大关注。气候变化加剧了非生物胁迫对药用和芳香植物生长、生产力及品质的影响。因此，需要采用生态友好型农业策略来促进植物生长和提高生产力。在药用和芳香植物用于应对包括水分胁迫、盐度、污染等非生物胁迫不利影响的适应性策略中，它们与丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）等有益微生物的共生关系可提高药用和芳香植物对这些胁迫的耐受性。本综述（1）总结了主要非生物胁迫对药用和芳香植物生长及产量的影响，以及从药用和芳香植物物种中蒸馏得到的精油成分；（2）报道了AMF根系定殖在形态、生理和分子水平上触发药用和芳香植物对非生物胁迫响应的机制；（3）讨论了AMF和其他改良措施（如植物促生细菌、有机或无机改良剂）对药用和芳香植物生长及产量的贡献和协同效应以及在胁迫环境中蒸馏得到的精油成分。总之，提出了几个观点以促进未来的研究。
