Calsbeek Ryan, Sinervo Barry
Institute of the Environment, 1609 Hershey Hall, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1606, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Nov 12;99(23):14897-902. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242645199. Epub 2002 Nov 4.
One of the most controversial debates in evolutionary biology concerns the fitness consequences of female choice in nature. Discriminating females may benefit from high-quality territories and/or sires with high-quality genes. Here we experimentally dissociate female preferences for high-quality territories and male body size in a wild population of side-blotched lizards, Uta stansburiana. Females preferred experimentally improved territories but still chose high-quality sires for their progeny. High-quality territories were associated with earlier egg-laying dates and larger eggs. These maternal effects, evidently stimulated by high-quality territories, have been shown to enhance competitive ability and therefore the likelihood that philopatric offspring will capitalize on the direct benefits of superior territories, previously shown to promote progeny growth rate and survival (most offspring do not disperse from their natal area). Paternity analysis within clutches co-sired by two males revealed that female preferences for large males were also adaptive in terms of indirect benefits. Females used sperm from large sires to produce sons and sperm from small sires to produce daughters. Differential allocation of resources and progeny sex was adaptive and demonstrates a high degree of female control in the mating system.
进化生物学中最具争议的争论之一涉及自然界中雌性选择的适应性后果。有辨别力的雌性可能会从优质领地和/或具有优质基因的雄性那里受益。在此，我们通过实验在侧斑蜥蜴（Uta stansburiana）的野生种群中区分了雌性对优质领地和雄性体型的偏好。雌性更喜欢经过实验改善的领地，但仍会为其后代选择优质的雄性。优质领地与更早的产卵日期和更大的卵相关。这些明显受优质领地刺激的母体效应已被证明能增强竞争能力，从而提高留居后代利用优质领地直接益处的可能性，此前已表明优质领地能促进后代生长速度和存活率（大多数后代不会从其出生区域扩散）。对由两只雄性共同授精的一窝卵进行的亲子鉴定显示，雌性对大型雄性的偏好从间接益处角度来看也是适应性的。雌性用来自大型雄性的精子产生儿子，用来自小型雄性的精子产生女儿。资源和后代性别的差异分配是适应性的，并且表明在交配系统中雌性具有高度的控制权。
