Butterfield Phillip W, Camper Anne K, Ellis Brian D, Jones Warren L
Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman 59717, USA.
Water Res. 2002 Oct;36(17):4391-405. doi: 10.1016/s0043-1354(02)00148-3.
The influence of chlorine on biofilm in low organic carbon environments typical of drinking water or industrial process water was examined by comparing biomass and kinetic parameters for biofilm growth in a chlorinated reactor to those in a non-chlorinated control. Mixed-population heterotrophic biofilms were developed in rotating annular reactors under low concentration, carbon-limited conditions (< 2 mg/L as carbon) using three substrate groups (amino acids, carbohydrates and humic substances). Reactors were operated in parallel under identical conditions with the exception that chlorine was added to one reactor at a dose sufficient to maintain a free chlorine residual of 0.09-0.15 mg/L in the effluent. The presence of free chlorine resulted in development of less biofilm biomass compared to the control for all substrates investigated. However, specific growth and organic carbon removal rates were on the average five times greater for chlorinated biofilm compared to the control. Observed yield values were less for chlorinated biofilm. Although chlorinated biofilm's specific organic carbon removal rate was high, the low observed yield indicated organic carbon was being utilized for purposes other than creating new cell biomass. The impacts of free chlorine on mixed-population biofilms in low-nutrient environments were different depending upon the available substrate. Biofilms grown using amino acids exhibited the least difference between control and chlorinated kinetic parameters; biofilm grown using carbohydrates had the greatest differences. These findings are particularly relevant to the fundamental kinetic parameters used in models of biofilm growth in piping systems that distribute chlorinated, low-carbon-concentration water.
通过比较氯化反应器中生物膜生长的生物量和动力学参数与非氯化对照反应器中的参数，研究了氯对饮用水或工业生产用水典型的低有机碳环境中生物膜的影响。使用三类底物（氨基酸、碳水化合物和腐殖质），在低浓度、碳受限条件（碳含量<2mg/L）下，在旋转环形反应器中培养混合菌群异养生物膜。反应器在相同条件下平行运行，唯一的区别是向一个反应器中添加氯，使流出物中的游离氯残留量维持在0.09 - 0.15mg/L。与对照相比，游离氯的存在导致所有研究底物上的生物膜生物量减少。然而，氯化生物膜的比生长速率和有机碳去除率平均比对照高五倍。氯化生物膜的观测产率值较低。尽管氯化生物膜的比有机碳去除率较高，但观测产率较低表明有机碳被用于除产生新细胞生物量之外的其他目的。游离氯对低营养环境中混合菌群生物膜的影响因可用底物而异。使用氨基酸生长的生物膜在对照和氯化动力学参数之间表现出最小的差异；使用碳水化合物生长的生物膜差异最大。这些发现与在输送氯化、低碳浓度水的管道系统中生物膜生长模型中使用的基本动力学参数特别相关。
