Anderssen Sven-Harald, Andresen Jannicke, Andersen Ronny, Sponheim Lars
Barneavdelingen, Sykehuset Østfold 1603 Fredrikstad.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002 Sep 20;122(22):2187-9.
The incidence of congenital hearing impairment is 1-2/1,000--higher than for congenital hypothyroidism and phenylketonuria combined. Universal screening of hearing impairment has been introduced in many countries with portable otoacoustic emission (OAE) and/or automated auditory brainstem response (AABR), but not in Norway. This is the first Norwegian report on universal hearing screening of newborns before hospital discharge.
All newborns in Østfold County (n = 5,712) in 2000 and 2001 were offered an OAE test on the second day in nursery by a two-step model. After two tests without OAE signals bilaterally, the infants were referred to the audiology clinic.
98.8% of the newborns were tested. Of these, 97.0% had a pass response after two tests. 169 (3.0%) were referred to the audiology clinic; 15 were withdrawn from follow-up examination by their parents. 23 infants had auditory brainstem response audiometry done, and sensorineural hearing impairment was found in six (1.0/1,000). Three infants (0.6/1,000) had conductive hearing impairment.
Our screening model was appropriate and cost-effective. The incidence of congenital hearing impairment was similar to that reported by others. The number of parental refusals should be reduced. This may be achieved by adding an AABR to the two OAE tests.
先天性听力障碍的发病率为1 - 2/1000，高于先天性甲状腺功能减退症和苯丙酮尿症发病率的总和。许多国家已采用便携式耳声发射（OAE）和/或自动听性脑干反应（AABR）对听力障碍进行普遍筛查，但挪威尚未开展。这是挪威首份关于新生儿出院前听力普遍筛查的报告。
2000年和2001年，东福尔郡的所有新生儿（n = 5712）在托儿所第二天接受了两步法耳声发射测试。在双侧两次测试均未检测到耳声发射信号后，婴儿被转诊至听力学诊所。
98.8%的新生儿接受了测试。其中，97.0%在两次测试后通过。169名（3.0%）被转诊至听力学诊所；15名被其父母撤回后续检查。23名婴儿进行了听性脑干反应听力测定，发现6名（1.0/1000）患有感音神经性听力障碍。3名婴儿（0.6/1000）患有传导性听力障碍。
我们的筛查模式是合适且具有成本效益的。先天性听力障碍的发病率与其他报告相似。应减少家长拒绝的数量。这可以通过在两次耳声发射测试中增加自动听性脑干反应来实现。
