Venkaiah K, Damayanti K, Nayak M U, Vijayaraghavan K
National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad - 500 007, India.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 Nov;56(11):1119-25. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601457.
To study the current diet and nutritional status of rural adolescents in India.
Cross-sectional study with household as the unit of randomization.
National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau collected information in the rural areas of the nine States.
In each State, 120 villages were selected from eight districts. From each of the selected villages, 20 households (HHs) were selected from five clusters. The information on socio-demographic profile was collected in all the 20 HHs, while anthropometric data such as weight, height and clinical signs of nutritional deficiency was collected on all the available adolescents in the selected households. In every fourth sampled household, ie five HHs, dietary information on all the members was collected using 24 h dietary recall. The outcome measures for nutritional status were proportion of underweight (<median -2 s.d. of NCHS standards of weight for age), stunted (<median -2 s.d. of NCHS standards of height for age) and body mass index. The nutrient intakes were compared with recommended dietary allowances (RDA).
Anthropometric and socio-economic information on 12 124 adolescent boys and girls and dietary information on 2579 individuals in 1996-1997 was available for the analysis. The major occupation of the heads of the households surveyed was agriculture. More than a third (37.3%) of the families with adolescents did not possess any land. The per capita income per month was about Rs 250/- at 1996-1997 prices. About 23% of the adolescent girls were married before the age of 18 y. About a quarter of the married adolescent girls had short stature and 18.6% were underweight. They considered as 'at risk'. About 39% of the adolescents were stunted (<Median -2 s.d. of NCHS height for age) irrespective of sex. The prevalence of undernutrition (<median -2 s.d. of NCHS weight for age) is higher (53.1%) in boys than in girls (39.5%). The extent of stunting was higher (42.7%) among adolescents belonging to the scheduled caste community. In the case of girls, the extent of underweight was considerably less in each age group than their male counterparts. About 70% of adolescents consumed more than 70% of RDA for energy. The intakes of micronutrients such as vitamin A and riboflavin were woefully inadequate.
The extent of undernutrition was high among adolescents and was higher among boys than girls. Adolescent girls in the rural areas could be at greater risk of nutritional stress because of early marriage and early conception before completion of their physical growth.
研究印度农村青少年的当前饮食和营养状况。
以家庭为随机单位的横断面研究。
国家营养监测局在九个邦的农村地区收集信息。
在每个邦，从八个区中选取120个村庄。从每个选定的村庄中，从五个群组中选取20户家庭。在所有20户家庭中收集社会人口学资料，同时在选定家庭中所有可获得的青少年中收集体重、身高和营养缺乏临床体征等人体测量数据。在每四个抽样家庭中，即五户家庭，使用24小时膳食回顾法收集所有家庭成员的饮食信息。营养状况的结果指标为体重不足（<年龄别体重的NCHS标准中位数-2标准差）、发育迟缓（<年龄别身高的NCHS标准中位数-2标准差）和体重指数。将营养素摄入量与推荐膳食摄入量（RDA）进行比较。
1996 - 1997年有12124名青少年男孩和女孩的人体测量及社会经济信息以及1996名个体的饮食信息可供分析。接受调查家庭户主的主要职业是农业。有青少年的家庭中超过三分之一（37.3%）没有任何土地。按1996 - 1997年价格计算，每月人均收入约为250卢比。约23%的青少年女孩在18岁之前结婚。约四分之一已婚青少年女孩身材矮小，18.6%体重不足。她们被视为“有风险”。无论性别，约39%的青少年发育迟缓（<年龄别身高的NCHS标准中位数-2标准差）。男孩中营养不良（<年龄别体重的NCHS标准中位数-2标准差）的患病率（53.1%）高于女孩（39.5%）。在册种姓社区的青少年中发育迟缓的程度更高（42.7%）。就女孩而言，每个年龄组的体重不足程度都明显低于同龄男孩。约70%的青少年能量摄入量超过RDA的70%。维生素A和核黄素等微量营养素的摄入量严重不足。
青少年中营养不良的程度很高，男孩高于女孩。农村地区的青少年女孩由于早婚和在身体发育完成前早孕，可能面临更大的营养压力风险。
