Pieringer W, Meran J G, Stix P, Fazekas Ch
Universitätsklinik für Medizinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 39, A-8036 Graz.
Wien Med Wochenschr. 2002;152(19-20):488-94.
The term psychosomatic medicine has two meanings: first it represents a specific scientific approach in medicine that encompasses methodologies from natural sciences as well as social and human sciences. Second it denotes a clinical speciality that aims at applying this complex scientific background to diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. In this review partly contrasting concepts in medicine are outlined in order to discuss current psychosomatic theories and models. This reflection based on philosophy of science shows that the heterogeneity of the concepts in medicine expresses differences in the predominance of phenomenologic, dialectic, empiric-analytic and hermeneutic methodology. In psychosomatic medicine a critical evaluation and integration of the applied methodologies is regarded as scientific prerequisite and ethical demand. These hypotheses are also shared by medical anthropology (v. Weizsäcker), theoretical pathology (Doerr and Schipperges), and by the concepts of Uexküll (Situationskreis) and Hahn (Methodenkreis); they also serve as the fundamental basis for this article.
其一，它代表医学中一种特定的科学方法，涵盖自然科学以及社会科学和人文科学的方法。其二，它指的是一门临床专业，旨在将这一复杂的科学背景应用于诊断和治疗程序。在本综述中，将概述医学中部分相互对立的概念，以便讨论当前的心身理论和模型。基于科学哲学的这种思考表明，医学中概念的异质性体现了现象学、辩证法、经验分析和诠释学方法主导地位的差异。在心身医学中，对所应用方法的批判性评估和整合被视为科学前提和伦理要求。医学人类学（魏茨泽克）、理论病理学（多尔和席佩格斯）以及于克斯屈尔（情境圈）和哈恩（方法圈）的概念也认同这些假设；它们也是本文的基本依据。
