Goldman John M, Horowitz Mary M
Int J Hematol. 2002 Aug;76 Suppl 1:393-7. doi: 10.1007/BF03165291.
The first successful transplants of hematopoietic stem cells were done in 1968 in three children with congenital immune deficiency diseases. In each instance, stem cells were collected from the bone marrow of sibling donors who were genotypically HLA identical or closely HLA matched to the recipient. Since then, thousands of patients have received hematopoietic stem cell transplants to treat malignant and non-malignant diseases. Current estimates of annual numbers of stem cell transplants are about 50,000 worldwide, with growth at a rate of 10-15% per year. The reasons for increasing use include proven and potential efficacy in many diseases, better understanding of the appropriate timing of transplantation and patient selection, greater availability of donors and better techniques for determining HLA match, greater ease of stem cell collection, and improved supportive care resulting in less transplant-related morbidity and mortality. About two-thirds of hematopoietic stem cell transplants use autologous cells, generally collected from peripheral blood by leukapheresis. The remainder are allogeneic transplants, most commonly from HLA-identical sibling donors, and most often using cells collected directly from bone marrow.
1968年，造血干细胞首次成功移植到三名患有先天性免疫缺陷疾病的儿童体内。在每一个病例中，干细胞均采集自基因型上与受体HLA相同或HLA高度匹配的同胞供体的骨髓。从那时起，成千上万的患者接受了造血干细胞移植以治疗恶性和非恶性疾病。目前全球每年干细胞移植数量的估计约为50000例，且以每年10%至15%的速度增长。使用量增加的原因包括在许多疾病中已证实的和潜在的疗效、对移植合适时机和患者选择的更好理解、供体来源增加以及确定HLA匹配的更好技术、干细胞采集更加容易，以及支持性护理的改善导致与移植相关的发病率和死亡率降低。约三分之二的造血干细胞移植使用自体细胞，通常通过白细胞分离术从外周血中采集。其余的是同种异体移植，最常见于HLA相同的同胞供体，并且最常使用直接从骨髓采集的细胞。
