Trotter C L, Ramsay M E, Kaczmarski E B
Immunisation Division, PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ.
Commun Dis Public Health. 2002 Sep;5(3):220-5.
The UK was the first country to introduce meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccination. The vaccine was incorporated into the routine infant immunisation schedule and was offered to all under 18 year olds in a catch-up campaign. The vaccine has been well accepted in infants receiving routine vaccination, with coverage around 89%. Coverage in older children targeted in the catch-up campaign was above 85% up to the age of 14, and was lowest (43%) in 15-17 year olds not in education. The winter of 2000-01 was the first meningococcal season following the offer of the vaccination to all children and adolescents. The incidence of serogroup C disease in the targeted age groups fell by 80%, and the number of deaths in laboratory confirmed cases in 0-19 year olds decreased from 78 to 8 between 1998-99 and 2000-01. The incidence of serogroup B disease in all age groups was slightly higher in 2000-01 than previous years, and there was an increase in the incidence of serogroup C disease in those aged over 20 during the study period, leading to the extension of the vaccination campaign to 20-24 year olds.
英国是首个引入脑膜炎球菌C群结合疫苗的国家。该疫苗被纳入婴儿常规免疫计划，并在一次补种活动中提供给所有18岁以下人群。该疫苗在接受常规接种的婴儿中得到了广泛接受，接种率约为89%。补种活动针对的大龄儿童中，14岁及以下儿童的接种率超过85%，未接受教育的15至17岁青少年接种率最低（43%）。2000 - 2001年冬季是向所有儿童和青少年提供疫苗后的首个脑膜炎球菌发病季节。目标年龄组中C群疾病的发病率下降了80%，1998 - 1999年至2000 - 2001年期间，0至19岁实验室确诊病例中的死亡人数从78人降至8人。2000 - 2001年所有年龄组中B群疾病的发病率略高于前几年，研究期间20岁以上人群中C群疾病的发病率有所上升，导致补种活动扩大至20至24岁人群。
