Boden Barry P, Lin Willie, Young Megan, Mueller Frederick O
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, The Orthopaedic Center, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 2002 Nov-Dec;30(6):791-5. doi: 10.1177/03635465020300060601.
There is a paucity of comprehensive information on catastrophic wrestling injuries.
Our objective was to develop a profile of catastrophic injuries in wrestling and a list of relevant risk factors.
Retrospective review.
We retrospectively reviewed 35 incidents that were reported to the National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research over an 18-year period from 1981 until 1999.
Except in the case of one male college athlete, all injuries occurred in male high school wrestlers. There were 2.11 direct catastrophic injuries per year or 1 per 100000 participants. The majority of injuries occurred in match competitions (80%), with a trend toward more injuries in the low- and middle-weight classes. The position most frequently associated with injury was the defensive position during the takedown maneuver (74%), followed by the down position (23%), and the lying position (3%). Catastrophic injuries included 27 cervical fractures or major cervical ligament injuries, 4 spinal cord contusions with transient quadriparesis, 3 severe head injuries, and an acutely herniated lumbar disc. The injuries resulted in quadriplegia in 11, residual neurologic deficits in 6, paraplegia in 1, and death in 1 head-injured athlete.
Although catastrophic injuries in wrestling are rare, they do occur. Referees can help prevent such injuries by strictly enforcing penalties for slams and by gaining more awareness of dangerous holds. Coaches may also prevent serious injuries by emphasizing proper wrestling techniques.
关于灾难性摔跤损伤的全面信息匮乏。
我们的目的是梳理出摔跤运动中灾难性损伤的概况以及相关风险因素列表。
回顾性研究。
我们回顾了1981年至1999年这18年间向国家灾难性运动损伤研究中心报告的35起事件。
除一名男性大学生运动员外，所有损伤均发生在男性高中摔跤运动员身上。每年有2.11例直接灾难性损伤，即每10万名参与者中有1例。大多数损伤发生在比赛中（80%），中低体重级别的损伤有增多趋势。与损伤最常相关的姿势是抱摔动作中的防守姿势（74%），其次是倒地姿势（23%）和躺卧姿势（3%）。灾难性损伤包括27例颈椎骨折或严重颈椎韧带损伤、4例伴有短暂四肢轻瘫的脊髓挫伤、3例严重头部损伤和1例急性腰椎间盘突出。这些损伤导致11人四肢瘫痪、6人遗留神经功能缺损、1人截瘫以及1名头部受伤运动员死亡。
虽然摔跤运动中的灾难性损伤很少见，但确实会发生。裁判可通过严格执行对摔砸动作的判罚以及提高对危险动作的认知来帮助预防此类损伤。教练也可通过强调正确的摔跤技术来预防严重损伤。
