Klein Laura Cousino, Corwin Elizabeth J
Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, 315 East Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2002 Dec;4(6):441-8. doi: 10.1007/s11920-002-0072-z.
In this report, the authors propose that underlying sex differences in the biobehavioral response to stress may contribute to the variance in prevalence of some psychiatric disorders based on sex. The authors begin with a discussion of stress physiology and review a new theory on sex differences in stress responses (ie, the "tend-and-befriend" response), which may provide a recent framework for considering sex differences in the manifestation of some psychiatric illnesses. The authors then move to a discussion of major depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder as examples of how sex differences in stress responses may influence the behavioral symptoms of psychiatric disorders that are more often diagnosed in one sex compared with another. The authors conclude with a brief discussion of the implications of this new perspective on treatment approaches and encourage further inquiry into the importance of sex-based differences in the behavioral manifestation of some psychiatric illnesses.
在本报告中，作者提出，对应激的生物行为反应中潜在的性别差异可能导致某些精神疾病患病率因性别而异。作者首先讨论了应激生理学，并回顾了一种关于应激反应性别差异的新理论（即“照料与结盟”反应），这可能为思考某些精神疾病表现中的性别差异提供一个新框架。然后，作者转而讨论重度抑郁症和注意力缺陷多动障碍，以此为例说明应激反应中的性别差异如何可能影响精神疾病的行为症状，这些症状在某一性别中比在另一性别中更常被诊断出来。作者最后简要讨论了这一新观点对治疗方法的影响，并鼓励进一步探究基于性别的差异在某些精神疾病行为表现中的重要性。
