Lafta Muataz S, Mwinyi Jessica, Affatato Oreste, Rukh Gull, Dang Junhua, Andersson Gerhard, Schiöth Helgi B
Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Centre for Women's Mental Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Front Neurosci. 2024 Feb 21;18:1340108. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1340108. eCollection 2024.
Increased knowledge about sex differences is important for development of individualized treatments against many diseases as well as understanding behavioral and pathological differences. This review summarizes sex chromosome effects on gene expression, epigenetics, and hormones in relation to the brain. We explore neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, cognition, and brain pathology aiming to explain the current state of the art. While some domains exhibit strong differences, others reveal subtle differences whose overall significance warrants clarification. We hope that the current review increases awareness and serves as a basis for the planning of future studies that consider both sexes equally regarding similarities and differences.
增加对性别差异的了解对于开发针对多种疾病的个性化治疗方法以及理解行为和病理差异非常重要。本综述总结了性染色体对与大脑相关的基因表达、表观遗传学和激素的影响。我们探讨神经解剖学、神经化学、认知和脑病理学，旨在解释当前的技术水平。虽然某些领域表现出强烈的差异，但其他领域则显示出细微的差异，其总体意义有待阐明。我们希望当前的综述能提高认识，并为未来研究的规划提供基础，这些研究在考虑相似性和差异时平等对待两性。
