Etchepareborda M C
Laboratorio para el estudio de las Funciones Cerebrales Superiores, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Rev Neurol. 2002 Feb;34 Suppl 1:S13-23.
The first sign of problems of dyslexia appears in phonographic decoding when the child tries to associate graphic signs with phonological sequences so as to pronounce words. During this process the child tries to recognise words visually and associate them with the names of objects.
Spatial agnosia is a very common symptom in children with dyslexia and may be detected at preschool age. This spatial disorientation is closely linked with the notion of body, time and sometimes rhythm. Difficulty in identifying colours is an early symptom of dyslexia. Drawing up a plan of work, taking into account the systems for processing cerebral information, allows us to recreate habits of multisensorial perceptive processing; motor, oral and cognitive production, after executive levels of thought, button up and top down systems for processing. Fast For Word (FFW) training helps to achieve advances in phonemic consciousness whilst other linguistic abilities such as phonological, semantic, syntactic and grammatical consciousness, working memory and sequencing of events are integrated. Hamlet is a programme for working in phonological concepts based on classification activities. It aims to favour the analysis of segments of words, syllables or phonemes and the classification of a particular segment as belonging to a particular phonological or orthographical category or not.
诵读困难问题的首个迹象出现在孩子尝试将图形符号与语音序列关联以发音单词时的语音解码过程中。在此过程中，孩子试图通过视觉识别单词并将其与物体名称关联起来。
空间失认症在诵读困难儿童中是一种非常常见的症状，可能在学龄前就被发现。这种空间定向障碍与身体、时间概念以及有时与节奏密切相关。难以辨别颜色是诵读困难的早期症状。考虑到大脑信息处理系统来制定工作计划，能让我们重新建立多感官感知处理的习惯；在执行思维层面、自下而上和自上而下的处理系统之后，进行运动、口头和认知产出。快速阅读训练（FFW）有助于在音素意识方面取得进步，同时整合其他语言能力，如语音、语义、句法和语法意识、工作记忆以及事件排序。哈姆雷特是一个基于分类活动来处理语音概念的程序。它旨在促进对单词片段、音节或音素的分析，以及将特定片段归类为属于特定语音或拼写类别与否。
