Carcinogenesis modifier loci in rat tongue are subject to frequent loss of heterozygosity.

Rats of the DA strain are highly susceptible to 4NQO-induced TCs, whereas WF rats are barely susceptible. In (DA x WF)F2 rats, 5 QTL, Tscc1-5, are responsible for most of the phenotypic variations, though they do not account for all of the phenotypic differences between WF and DA rats. Analysis of 40 tongue tumors >5 mm in diameter from (DA x WF)F1 rats for LOH at the Tscc loci revealed a high frequency of LOH in chromosomal regions where the Tscc2, -3 and -4 loci map. In most cases of LOH, the allele of the barely susceptible WF strain was lost, suggesting that these loci in the WF strain encode tumor-suppressor genes. Analysis of the same tumors for somatic mutations in oncogenes indicated frequent alteration of Ha-ras, which maps in the Tscc3 region, but rare mutation of the p15(INK4B) and p16(INK4A) genes or the p53 and Msh2 genes. Frequent LOH was also found on rat chromosomes 5 (RNO5) and 6 (RNO6). Tumors of large size accumulated LOH at multiple loci, suggesting the involvement of Tscc loci in tumor progression.