Gerstenberger Shawn L, Dellinger John A
University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Department of Environmental Studies, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Box 454030, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4030, USA.
Environ Toxicol. 2002 Dec;17(6):513-9. doi: 10.1002/tox.10092.
The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of environmental contaminants in the edible portion of fish tissue consumed by Ojibwa residing in the Upper Great Lakes region. Lake trout, whitefish, and walleye were collected from Lake Superior, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, and selected inland lakes. These fish were harvested by either commercial fishing or spearfishing techniques and analyzed for environmental contaminants. Samples were pooled by species and location of collection and were analyzed as composites. The concentrations of congener-specific polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), total mercury, and 17 other organochlorine compounds of the pooled samples were determined using gas chromatographic and atomic absorption techniques. Differences were noted in both the concentration and composition of contaminants depending on the geographic location of collection and the species examined. Lake trout and whitefish contained higher concentrations of organochlorine compounds than did walleye; and samples from Lakes Michigan and Huron had much higher concentrations than did Lake Superior fish. Conversely, mercury was much higher in walleye (580 ppb) when compared with lake trout (117 ppb) and whitefish (10 ppb). Several PCB congeners were commonly found in all fish samples; these included PCBs 138 + 163, 153, 66 + 95, 118, 77 + 110, 180, and 101. Lake trout accumulated the highly chlorinated PCB congeners, whereas walleye and whitefish accumulated certain lower tri- and tetrachlorobiphenyl congeners. In conclusion, the fish harvested and consumed by Ojibwa tribal members contained both mercury and organochlorine compounds. The concentrations of contaminants found in fish tissue differed among species and sampling sites. Consequently, it is imperative to sample fish that best represent those being consumed by tribal members and to continue long-term monitoring of fish from ceded waters. Therefore, risk assessment and risk management strategies need to take into account geographic location of the fish and unique preparation methods and to be directed at the contaminant(s) of concern for given locations.
本研究的目的是确定居住在大湖上游地区的奥吉布瓦人食用的鱼组织可食用部分中环境污染物的浓度。从苏必利尔湖、休伦湖、密歇根湖和选定的内陆湖泊采集了湖鳟、白鲑和大眼狮鲈。这些鱼通过商业捕鱼或矛捕鱼技术捕获，并对其环境污染物进行分析。样本按物种和采集地点汇总，并作为混合样本进行分析。使用气相色谱和原子吸收技术测定混合样本中特定同系物多氯联苯（PCB）、总汞和其他17种有机氯化合物的浓度。根据采集的地理位置和所检查的物种，污染物的浓度和组成存在差异。湖鳟和白鲑所含的有机氯化合物浓度高于大眼狮鲈；密歇根湖和休伦湖的样本浓度比苏必利尔湖的鱼高得多。相反，大眼狮鲈的汞含量（580 ppb）比湖鳟（117 ppb）和白鲑（10 ppb）高得多。所有鱼类样本中都普遍发现了几种PCB同系物；这些包括PCB 138 + 163、153、66 + 95、118、77 + 110、180和101。湖鳟积累了高度氯化的PCB同系物，而大眼狮鲈和白鲑积累了某些较低的三氯和四氯联苯同系物。总之，奥吉布瓦部落成员捕获和食用的鱼含有汞和有机氯化合物。鱼组织中发现的污染物浓度因物种和采样地点而异。因此，必须对最能代表部落成员食用的鱼类进行采样，并继续对割让水域的鱼类进行长期监测。因此，风险评估和风险管理策略需要考虑鱼的地理位置和独特的制备方法，并针对特定地点关注的污染物。
